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discussion, there is word stress, how the speaker made pointer in the syllable and sentence stress is how the speaker to stress the word as pointer within a
sentence, the stress is acted the different way both of them. And for intonation is assumed as the speaker‟s signal in delivering message. To ease reading this
discussion, the writer tries to visualize the Penny Ur‟s concept in
pronunciations into a figure as follows:
Figure 2.1. Penny Ur’s Pronunciation Concepts 1996
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3. The Goals of Teaching Pronunciation
In teaching English pronunciation, a teacher is desirable have the goals that should be achieved. One of the teacher‟s goals is to help the student to
pronounce English word accurately. So, they know how to communicate what they want to say
properly. Therefore, the students‟ spoken can be understood by listener. This means their pronunciation should be at least adequate for that
purpose.
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Penny Ur, a Course in …, p.47
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Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English …, New Edition, p.21
Sounds of the language
Stress and rhythm
Intonation
CONCEPTS OF PRONUNCIATION
Vowel Consonant
s
Monophthong s
Diphthong s
Word Sentenc
e Speaker‟s
Signal
Voice d
Unvoice d
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Bowen 1972 in Rosane Silveira proposes 3 realistic goals for the teaching of pronunciation:
a. Ability to communicate orally with ease and efficiency; b. Ability to produce the basic contrasts of the target language sound
system; c. Ability to understand fluent speech as produced by native speaker.
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The ability to communicate orally with ease and efficiency affects the fluency in communication.
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When people utter something, indeed they is desirable know what they are going to say, they should think whether their
utterance can be understood by the hearer or not and predict whether the wordsentence is efficiently delivered or not.
From that explanation, the students are involved in learning English pronunciation to recognize the sound system of the target language, and to
produce the sound system of English, prominently to distinguish the sound system between their target language and their native language. If the students
have been able to recognize the sound system of the target language and have been able to produce its sound system, they may be able to practice the
pronunciation of English words accurately. As the writer discussed in chapter 1, additionally, one of the main goal
for students in learning English are able to communicate understandable English.
Harmer 1994 argued that Pronunciation teaching not only makes students aware of different sounds and sounds features, but also improve
their speaking immeasurably. Concentrating on sounds, showing where they are made in the mouth, making students aware of words should be
stressed-all these things give them extra information about spoken English and help them achieve the goal of improved comprehension and
intelligibility.
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Based on that quotation, the goal showed by Harmer is by improving student‟s pronunciation, it can help the students in improving their speaking
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Rosane Silveira, Pronunciation Instruction Classroom Practice and Empirical Research, Linguagem ensino: Santa Catarina, 2002, Vol.5, No. 1, p.98
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Rosane Silveira, Pronunciation Instruction …, Vol.5, No. 1, p.98
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Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English …, Fourth Edition, p.284
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ability. In this case, the students are not only introduced the English sound system, but they are also given the other information or aspects in
pronunciation that related to the improvement of their speaking ability and that can help their communication being understood, for example howwhere the
words should be stressed in sentence. Absolutely, these goals require lots of practice in pronouncing the word or sentence.
Furthermore, in Silabus KTSP 2006 noticed that the goals in teaching pronunciation at junior high school in Indonesia
, is to improve the students‟ communicative competence.
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It means the students are involved to develop their speaking skill. In fact, based on the writers‟ observation, the students have
their own goal. The goal may be different with the main goals in learning English which is to improve the communicative competence. The goals in
learning English pronunciation that the students set are some of them just want to communicate English at a basic level or to pass examination. And other goal
is to achieve the best they possibly can, that is to be able to pronounce English well, and it would be beneficial in getting job later. However, again, the
standard of pronunciation goal is the students have to achieve their pronunciation to improve their speaking ability.
From the discussion the writer concludes that the goals of teaching pronunciation is to train the student‟s communication ability in English, so that
they can communicate English accurately and fluently, and make their speaking can be understood by others.
4. Pronunciation Problem
The errors in pronouncing English word pronunciation that are made by students; apparently could give bad effect to the improvement of students‟
communicative competence. Ur 1996 explained some pronunciation‟s error
from various sources: 1. A particular sound may not exist in the mother tongue, so that the
learner is not used to forming it and therefore tends to substitute the
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Silabus KTSP 2006
