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PLAN OBSERVE
REFLECT
ACT
REVISED PLAN
OBSERVE REFLECT
ACT
Figure 3.1 The Writer’s Action Research Design
F. The Classroom Action Research CAR Procedures
CAR that designed by Kemmis and McTaggarts‟ consists of four phases, there are plan, act, observe, and reflect. The completely procedures for each
phase are as following:
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1. Action Research in Cycle 1 a. Plan
Plan is the first phasestep that would be done in CAR Classroom Action Research. According to Mills 2003, “an action plan summarizes
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David Nunan, Understanding Language …, p.12
- Record questions and responses, see what is
happening in class. and keep notes in a
diary and observation
- Implement all activities that have
been planned.
- investigates the class to cover the
problems. - find the best
technique to solve
- Develop the idea from cycle 1.
- Prepare teaching procedures, media,
resources, instrument, and
evaluation.
- Record questions and responses, see what is
happening in class. and keep notes in a
diary and observation
- Implement all activities that have
been planned. - Evaluate the students
feedback and their comprehension of
what have been learned.
- Evaluate the students feedback and their
comprehension of what have been
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your action research thoughts in a plan that will guide you through your action work….”
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Here, the writerthe observer and the teacher plan the appropriate technique to improve the students‟ pronunciation at class VII.3
of SMPN 66 Jakarta, South Jakarta, and then, they arrange a script within a lesson plan. This work does after the observer finding something
problematic that is assumed as an obstacle in improving students‟ English
pronunciation. Previously, the observer investigates the class by creating some related questions as a brainstorming. Then, she tries to find out the
best way to solve the problems that faced by students. To make the assumption stronger, she also interviews the teacher and the participants
about the pronunciation problems they faced.
b. Act
In this phase, act and observe are done all at once. The teacher as a stakeholder tries to implement the plan. She applies the technique in
teaching pronunciation adequately. Teacher may do an action research because she recognizes the
conditions of her classroom, the students, and the progress during teaching-learning activities. Teacher understands what the classroom
should be, how to develop the classroom and all of the completely related things. In this act, the steps that are going to be practiced by teacher in
teaching pronunciation by using minimal pair drills as follow:
Step 1 : Introduces the phonemic symbols and concept of minimal pair
drill and with the advantages for the students. Tell them that minimal pair would be helpful to distinguish the sound of words that improve their
pronunciation.
Step 2 : Presents to students the pairs of words and drill the pair of those
words together using teachers‟ guidance. Then, ask some of them to
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Geofrey E. Mills, Action Research: a Guide for the Teacher Researcher, New Jersey: Merill Prentice Hall, 2003, Second Edition, p.41