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c. There Is and There Are
In speech, learners are allowed to use a singular verb after introductory there even when the subject, which follows the verb, is plural. It is because it is
common to do Greenbaum, 1989, p. 217. However, according to Greenbaum 1989, in formal writing, learners should follow the general rule p. 217.
[45] There is somebody waiting for you.
[46] There are two men waiting for you.
Azar 1989 adds that in the structure: there + be, there is called an expletive.
3. Verb Phrases
To understand verb phrases and its some different forms is also required to do. It is because the researcher discussed subject-verb agreement errors and the
students might possibly use various forms of verbs when they wrote a sentence. According to Lester 1990, a verb phrase consists of a main verb together
with one or more helping or auxiliary verbs p. 98. Lester 1990 further states that tense in reference to the meaning of verb phrases is two dimensional: tense
refers both to time and to aspect p. 99. In time dimension of tense, verbs and verbs phrase can be classified into
past, present, or future Lester, 1990, p. 99. Lester 1990 conveys that there are three time forms of the verb go, e.g., past : went, present: gogoes, future: will go
p. 99. On the other hand, according to Lester 1990, in the aspect dimension of
tense, verbs and verbs phrase can be either simple p. 98, such as went, go goes,
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
29 will go, or perfect. The helping verb have is always required by a verb phrase in
the perfect tense. Besides, Lester 1990 states that to classify a perfect verb phrase by time: past, present, or future, is also required to do p. 98. There are
some examples of the three verb phrase forms using the verb go Lester, 1990, p. 99. The examples are: past perfect: had gone, present perfect: havehas gone,
future perfect: will have gone. In addition, according to Lester 1990, an essential thing to consider is that the time dimension in perfect tense is indicated by the
form of the helping verb have p. 99. Lester 1990 adds that have has is the helping verb of the present perfect tense, whereas had is the helping verb of the
past perfect tense p. 99. Moreover,
be can also become a helping verb whose construction is called a progressive Lester, 1990, p. 101. Lester 1990 states that there are some
examples of the progressive form of the six tense follows a verb, go p. 101. The examples are: past progressive: was were going, present progressive: am are is
going, future progressive: will be going, past perfect progressive: had been going, present perfect progressive: have has been going, future perfect progressive: will
have been going. Furthermore, Azar and Hagen 2006 state that modal auxiliaries can also
be used as a helping verb whose position is in front of the simple form of a main verb p. 398. The complete form of modal auxiliaries Leech Svartvik, 1994, p.
244 could be seen in Table 2.2.
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30
4. Errors
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