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2.4 Methods and Techniques in Teaching - Learning
According to Brown in his book Teaching by Principles1994: 16, Method is “a generalized set of classroom specifications foraccomplishing
linguistic objectives. Method tends tobe concerned with teacher and student role and behaviors and secondary with such features as linguistic and subject-matter
objectives, sequencing and materials”.
According to Anthony 1963 in has provided a useful set of definitions for our purposes. A method, is a set of procedure, i.e., a system that spells out rather
precisely how to teach a second of foreign lguage. It is less specific than a technique. Methods are typically compatible with one or sometimes two approaches. A
technique is a classroom activity and thus represents the narrowest of the three concepts. Some techniques are widely used and found in many methods.
Larsen and Freeman in his book “Techniques and Principles in Language
Teaching ”1986: 4, states that there are eight methods of teaching with the
tehniques:
2.4.1The Grammar-Translation Method
The grammar- Translation method‟s characteristics are:
a. Grammar is studied deductively that is, students given the grammar rules and
examples. b.
The ability to communicate in the target language. c.
The students are taught to translate from one language to another. d.
The teacher is authority in the classroom, and the students do as the teacher says. e.
Primary skills at the reading and writing,
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f. The teacher supplies the students with the correct answer in facing the student‟s
errors. g.
The students and teacher use native language.
The techniques in The Gramar-Translation Method are:
a. Translation of literary passage
Students translate a reading passage from the target language into their native language. The reading passage then provides the focus for several classes:
vocabulary and grammatical structures in the passage are studied in subsequent lessons. The translation may be written or spoken or both
b. Reading comprehension questions
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