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CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents and discusses definition of preposition, types of preposition, the function of preposition, the general picture of preposition, the
concept of total physical response, the principal of total physical response, the characteristic of total physical response, design of total physical response,
advantages and disadvantages of total physical response, teaching preposition of place through total physical response.
A. Preposition of Place
1. Concept of Preposition
Hur ford stated “Preposition is a typically small word that occurs
before a noun phrase, making another phrase a prepositional phrase with it. The term itself reflects the grammatical place of prepositions, „positioned
before‟ noun phrase”.
1
H armer said in his book “How to teach English” that Preposition is a
word or group of word which is used to show the way which other words are connected.
2
According to Sidney and Randolph in their book “Student’s Grammar of the English language”, Prepositions are a closed class of items connecting
two units in a sentence and specifying a relationship between them.
3
The researcher said that prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and some other word or element in
the rest of the sentence.
1
James R. Hurford, Grammar A student’s guide, Cambridge University press,1994, p.190.
2
Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach English, Person Educational Limited, 2007, p. 37.
3
Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Qiurk, Student’s Grammar of English Language, Pearson
Education Limited, 1990, p. 188.
2. Types of Preposition
There are many kinds of prepositions. Some of them are the simplest form. Many of them are monosyllabic such as in at, up, to, by, of,
out, with, from, down, over, into, after, before, since, behind, above, etc. According to Mahmud in his book English for Muslim University Students
there are types of preposition as follows: 1
Preposition of Location The common preposition used to indicate location or places are:
In being surrounded by something
E.g. In the house At
presence, around E.g. at the house
On in contact with the surface of another object
E.g. On the table Across
Opposite from E.g. across the street
Around near or all sides of
E.g. around the house Between
in the space separating two things E.g. Mona is shitting between Mom and Dad
Among with or surrounded by
E.g. Mona was standing among the boys Throughout in all parts, all over
E.g. Mona looked for her book throughout the room Overabove higher than up in perpendicular direction from
E.g. The sky is over above our head Under
lower than, down in perpendicular direction from Beneath
E.g. Under the table Below
at the point lower than
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