Installed Base Maintainability Selecting Appropriate LAN Technology
4.1.2 Installed Base
Installed base is another facet of cost effectiveness. The chances are slim that you are building a new network from scratch. In most cases, there is existing equipment, existing applications, servers, and a cable plant. A significantly cheaper alternative network technology may be available. If migrating to that means that you have to absorb a high cost in changing your installed base, then simply staying with the existing technology may be more cost-effective. For example, a large company may make extensive use of native Token Ring protocols to connect to legacy mainframe equipment. Token Ring equipment is more expensive than Ethernet equipment, but after factoring in the cost of replacing the mainframe, rewriting the applications to use TCPIP, and changing every end device to use this new application, they probably wont want to make the change. This is where it is useful to have a long-term strategic information technology vision for the entire organization. If you have a long-term goal to phase out these legacy applications, then you need to build a network that can accommodate a phased-in migration to the target technology. Perhaps you will migrate the Core of the network from Token Ring to Fast and Gigabit Ethernet with TCPIP routing and use DLSw to tunnel the native Token Ring protocols. Then, when the new servers and applications are available, you can migrate user devices in relatively small groups. An installed base doesnt need to cripple a network, but it can limit your design options temporarily.4.1.3 Maintainability
One of the biggest potential hidden costs in a network is maintenance. I have mentioned how using unmanageable workgroup devices in the Access Level of the network can make it harder to find problems. I previously mentioned that the design principle of simplicity makes network maintenance easier. Remember that these are not just annoyance factors for the engineer who gets stuck with the ultimate responsibility for running the network. There are costs are associated with these issues. The trouble is that quantifying these costs can be extremely difficult. How can you tell, for example, that cutting a particular corner will result in needing an extra staff member to keep the network going? Only experience can tell you what the hidden costs are. In general, since your design goals are centered on reliability, the more corners you cut, the less reliable the results will be. Lower reliability generally translates into higher maintenance costs.4.1.4 Performance
Parts
» Money Geography Business Requirements
» Installed Base Bandwidth Business Requirements
» Layer 1 Layer 2 The Seven Layers
» Layer 3 Layer 4 The Seven Layers
» Layer 5 Layer 6 Layer 7 The Seven Layers
» Routing Versus Bridging Networking Objectives
» Top-Down Design Philosophy Networking Objectives
» Failure Is a Reliability Issue
» Performance Is a Reliability Issue
» Guidelines for Implementing Redundancy
» Redundancy by Protocol Layer
» Multiple Simultaneous Failures Complexity and Manageability
» Always let network equipment perform network functions Intrinsic versus external automation
» Examples of automated fault recovery
» Fault tolerance through load balancing
» Avoid manual fault-recovery systems
» Isolating Single Points of Failure
» Multiple simultaneous failures Predicting Your Most Common Failures
» Combining MTBF values Predicting Your Most Common Failures
» Traffic Anomalies Failure Modes
» Software Problems Human Error
» Ring topology Basic Concepts
» Star topology Basic Concepts
» Mesh Topology Basic Concepts
» Spanning Tree eliminates loops Spanning Tree activates backup links and devices
» Protocol-Based VLAN Systems VLANs
» Why collapse a backbone? Backbone capacity
» Backbone redundancy Collapsed Backbone
» Trunk capacity Distributed Backbone
» Trunk fault tolerance Distributed Backbone
» Ancient history Switching Versus Routing
» One-armed routers and Layer 3 switches
» Filtering for security Filtering
» Filtering for application control
» Containing broadcasts Switching and Bridging Strategies
» Redundancy in bridged networks Filtering
» Trunk design VLAN-Based Topologies
» VLAN Distribution Areas VLAN-Based Topologies
» Sizing VLAN Distribution Areas
» Multiple Connections Implementing Reliability
» Routers in the Distribution Level Routers in Both the Core and Distribution Levels
» Connecting Remote Sites Large-Scale LAN Topologies
» General Comments on Large-Scale Topology
» Cost Efficiency Selecting Appropriate LAN Technology
» Installed Base Maintainability Selecting Appropriate LAN Technology
» Ethernet addresses Ethernet Framing Standards
» Collision Detection Ethernet and Fast Ethernet
» Transceivers Ethernet and Fast Ethernet
» FDDI Local Area Network Technologies
» Wireless Local Area Network Technologies
» Firewalls and Gateways Local Area Network Technologies
» Horizontal Cabling Structured Cabling
» Vertical Cabling Structured Cabling
» Network Address Translation IP
» Multiple Subnet Broadcast IP
» Unregistered Addresses General IP Design Strategies
» Easily summarized ranges of addresses
» Sufficient capacity in each range
» Standard subnet masks for common uses
» The Default Gateway Question
» Types of Dynamic Routing Protocols
» Split Horizons in RIP Variable Subnet Masks
» Basic Functionality IGRP and EIGRP
» Active and Stuck-in-Active Routes
» Interconnecting Autonomous Systems IGRP and EIGRP
» Interconnecting Autonomous Systems OSPF
» Redistributing with Other Routing Protocols
» IP Addressing Schemes for OSPF OSPF Costs
» Autonomous System Numbers BGP
» IPX Addressing Schemes General IPX Design Strategies
» RIP and SAP Accumulation Zones
» Using Equipment Features Effectively
» Hop Counts Elements of Efficiency
» Bottlenecks and Congestion Elements of Efficiency
» Filtering Elements of Efficiency
» QoS Basics Quality of Service and Traffic Shaping
» Layer 2 and Layer 3 QoS Buffering and Queuing
» Assured Forwarding in Differentiated Services
» Traffic Shaping Quality of Service and Traffic Shaping
» Defining Traffic Types Quality of Service and Traffic Shaping
» RSVP Quality of Service and Traffic Shaping
» Network-Design Considerations Quality of Service and Traffic Shaping
» Configuration Management Network-Management Components
» Fault Management Performance Management Security Management
» Designing a Manageable Network
» VLAN structures Architectural Problems
» LAN extension Architectural Problems
» Redundancy features Architectural Problems
» Out-of-Band Management Techniques Management Problems
» Multicast Addressing IP Multicast Networks
» Multicast Services IP Multicast Networks
» Group Membership IP Multicast Networks
» Multicast administrative zones Network-Design Considerations for Multicast Networks
» Multicast and QoS Network-Design Considerations for Multicast Networks
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