CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Translation
1. Definition of Translation
Basically, the definition of translation is the process of transferring messages from one language into other languages, but there are other definitions of translation
such as described in Oxford dictionary which tells that the meaning of translation is the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language.
Besides those two definitions, there are still some definitions of translation from some scholars as follows:
Peter Newmark defines, Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.
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Nida and Taber say that Translation consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms
of meaning and second in term of style. ”
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J.C Catford states that Translation may be defined as the replacement of textual-material in one language SL by equivalent textual material in another
10
Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation London: Prentice Hall, 1981,p.5
11
E. A. Nida and Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1974, p. 12
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language TL ”
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. In addition the theory of translation is concerned with a certain type of relation between languages and consequently a branch
of comparative linguistics. In other hand, Newmark defines, Translation is a craft consisting in
attempts to replace a written message and or statement in one language by the same message and or statement in another language.
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Thus, he agrees that the meaning is something which transferred in a translation to be able
to achieve the equivalent effect, not the form. From some definitions above can be conclude that the definition of translation
is a process of transferring the messages SL into TL. The translators have to avoid translating by using method one by one translation
because translation basically gives the messages SL into TL. Besides, in translating a text, the translator is an important factor that affects the result of
translation itself. The translator should have reliable knowledge and experiences about both the SL and TL or about the textual and contextual aspects. If
a translator does not have what the writer mentioned before, it will cause the result of translation misunderstood for the readers. Besides, the
dictionaries used by translators have to be completed, the translator
12
J. C Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation London:Oxford University Press, 1965, p.20
13
Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation London: Prentice Hall, 1981, p.13
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