The Formulation of the Problem

7 organized in one-self consistent totally. No definite division can be made between mind and body, between conscious and unconscious, or between reason and emotion. All behavior is seen in relation to the final goal of the superiority of success. This gives direction and unity to the individual. Adler in Hjelle and Ziegler 1992: 139 portrays the human being as single, invisible, self-consistent and unfired. Adler makes consciousness of the center of personality, which makes him as a pioneer in the development of an ego-oriented psychology. He is aware of the reason of consciousness of human being for his behavior. He is aware of his inferiorities and conscious of the goals for which he strives. More than that, he is a self-conscious individual who is capable of planning and guiding his actions with a full awareness of their meaning for his own self-realization Hall and Lindzey, 1981: 121. In his earliest writings, he writes that the final goal of our struggle was to be aggressive and all-powerful, dominating others. Humans were seen as selfish and concerned only with ambition, Adler revised his thinking and claimed that the final goals are to be superior Ryckman, 1985: 95. 8

B. Basic Assumption of Individual Psychology

The basic assumption of Individual Psychology can be presented in six general categories: 1 fiction finalism, 2 inferiority feeling, 3 striving for superiority, 4 style of life, 5 social interest, and 6 creative power.

1. Fiction Finalism

Fiction finalism is the individual goal of life, which is imaginary in nature or as a fiction as stated by Adler in Hjelle and Ziegler 1992: 154 that each person’s quest for superiority is guided by the fictional goal that he or she has adopted. Adler in Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992: 154 believes that the person’s fictional goal of superiority is self- determined; it is formed by the person’s own creative power, which makes the individually unique. Adler in Ryckman, 1985: 98 argues that people create ideas that guide their behavior and he concludes that, no one’s different struggling can occur without the perception of goals. The fiction finalism takes a place as imaginary goals where all kinds of striving and struggle of a person will lead to. Adler’s concept of fiction finalism is the idea the human behavior is directed toward a future goal of its own making. Adler in Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992: 153 theorizes that our ultimate goals those goals which give our live direction and purpose are fictional goals that can neither be tested nor confirmed against reality.