Pre-Design Activities Design Activity
24
Borg and Gall 1983: 772 claim that Educational research and development R D is, “a process used to develop and validate educational
products.” R D cycle consists of ten steps. The steps of R D cycle consists of 1 research and information collecting, 2 planning, 3 developing, 4
preliminary field testing, 5 main product revision, 6 main field testing, 7 operational product revision, 8 operational field testing, 9 final product
revision, and 10 dissemination and implementation. In this study the writer would refer to Borg and Gall’s steps. However, not
all steps were employed due to time and place limitation. The writer employed only step 1 to step 5. The first step was named into Pre-Design Activities. She
titled the second and third steps as Design Activities, then, she combined the rest of the steps into Post- Design Activities.
To enable the researcher to develop the materials, data of students’ needs and interests were needed as the basic information. Therefore, pre-design
activities were conducted in gathering the data on the respondents’ needs and interests. Since evaluations, criticisms, feedback, and comments were also needed
in improving the designed materials, another survey was conducted in the research. Thus, post-design activities evaluation survey were conducted to help
the writer in gathering evaluations, criticisms, feedback, and comments on the designed materials from the respondents.