Pre-Design Activities Design Activity

24 Borg and Gall 1983: 772 claim that Educational research and development R D is, “a process used to develop and validate educational products.” R D cycle consists of ten steps. The steps of R D cycle consists of 1 research and information collecting, 2 planning, 3 developing, 4 preliminary field testing, 5 main product revision, 6 main field testing, 7 operational product revision, 8 operational field testing, 9 final product revision, and 10 dissemination and implementation. In this study the writer would refer to Borg and Gall’s steps. However, not all steps were employed due to time and place limitation. The writer employed only step 1 to step 5. The first step was named into Pre-Design Activities. She titled the second and third steps as Design Activities, then, she combined the rest of the steps into Post- Design Activities. To enable the researcher to develop the materials, data of students’ needs and interests were needed as the basic information. Therefore, pre-design activities were conducted in gathering the data on the respondents’ needs and interests. Since evaluations, criticisms, feedback, and comments were also needed in improving the designed materials, another survey was conducted in the research. Thus, post-design activities evaluation survey were conducted to help the writer in gathering evaluations, criticisms, feedback, and comments on the designed materials from the respondents.

1. Pre-Design Activities

Pre-design Activities were conducted before designing the materials to find out learners’ interest and needs in learning English. It was in accordance with step 25 1 of R D cycle, research and information collecting, which aimed to find out the learners’ interest and needs. In seeking for the learners’ interest and needs in learning English, questionnaire and interview were used. The questionnaire was distributed to the third semester and the seventh semester students of the Mechanical Engineering Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The Chair Person of the Mechanical Engineering Study Program of Sanata Dharma University was interviewed to enrich the data around the needs of the students. The data obtained from this first part of research, both from the questionnaire and the interview, were used as the basic information in developing the instructional materials.

2. Design Activity

Based on the data found from the questionnaire and the interview, the writer designed English Instructional Materials for the students of the Mechanical Engineering Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. This activity was in accordance with the second and the third step of R D cycle, planning and developing preliminary form of product.

3. Post-Design Activities