The Analysis of Literal Meaning

44 unkind. In addition, agreement tone appears in line 22. In this line, the fiddler is described to come into an agreement with the Satan. 7 th stanza I must play dark, I must play light, 25 Till bowstrings break my heart outright. 26 In this 7 th stanza, the writer notices that the fiddler uses earnest tone. It is seen in line 25 that the fiddler really means his action and he does it whole-heartedly. Next, the last stanza of this poem is closed with the repetition of the first stanza. This poem is finally closed with light tone. It gives calm sense for readers who have been served with emotional tone throughout the poem.

4.4 The Analysis of Literal Meaning

Every literary work must present literal meaning which deals with the meaning as it is vividly written in the poetic‘s words. The illumination of ―The Fiddler‖ literal meaning is significant because it becomes the first step that Marxist suggests to do. It is stated in the book entitled Beginning Theory An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory: ―Make division between the overt manifest or surface and covert latent or hidden content of literary work ‖ Barry, 2009, p. 161. In addition, there is other significance in uncovering literal meaning of a poem. Traugott and Pratt argue that analysis of literal meaning may give us a point a view as the foundation of further consistent analysis by systematizing regularities in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 45 the language of the text 1980, p. 20. Nevertheless, there is an exception of analyzing literal meaning in a text as a literary work. Traugott and Pratt, once again, inform that generalization about semantic structure of a text is the point needed to be concern on 1980, p. 24. Accordingly, the writer employs general analysis in uncovering literal meaning of Karl Marx‘s poem ―The Fiddler‖. Defined by The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, literal meaning refers to ―the non-figurative, strict meaning an expression or sentence has in language by virtue of the dictionary meaning of its words and the import of its syntactic constructions ‖ Audi, 1999, p. 545. So further, the writer tries to convert the poetic words into the virtual meaning of the word to come up with the poem‘s literal meaning. The first literal analysis is talking about the title of the poem. Peter Zaret Sons Violins, signifies the fiddler as a player of music instruments which resembles to violin but just it is played for different genre of music. Violin is an instrument for classical music, while fiddle is an instrument for folk music. According to Tudorancea 2010, it is assumed that fiddle is natively Germany. Therefore, the title of the poem ―The Fiddler‖ represents a music player of folk music instruments namely fiddle which is natively from Germany. On the analysis of pronoun within the poem, the writer sees that there are two speakers involved in this poem. Those two speakers are engaged in conversation. The 1 st speaker is described with pronoun ‗I‘ which exists in 3 rd , 5 th 6 th , 7 th stanzas. The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 46 pronoun ―I‖ refers to the fiddler. Then, 2 nd the speaker who is observing at the fiddler is described with pronoun ‗you‘ which exist in the 2 nd and 4 th stanzas. Next, the writer continues to analyze the first stanza. 1 st stanza The Fiddler saws the strings, 1 His light brown hair he tosses and flings. 2 He carries a sabre at his side, 3 He wears a pleated habit wide. 4 Accordingly, the literal meaning of 1 st stanza: First stanza describes the fiddler who plays the cord of his fiddle by sawing the strings. While he is playing it, he moves his exposed brown hair angrily and violently. He carries a sword at his side. He wears a wide costume on which there is permanent folding. The writer then continues to analyze literal meaning in 2 nd stanza 2 nd stanza Fiddler, why that frantic sound? 5 Why do you gaze so wildly round? 6 Why leaps your blood, like the surging sea? 7 What drives your bow so desperately? 8 It talks about the observer who asks questions to the fiddler: Why does the fiddler play music using his fiddle wildly and in disorganized way. Why does the fiddler look steadily so wildly round. Why the fiddler‘s blood moves suddenly like the rising high and roll onward of the sea. What makes the fiddler‘s performance seems to be reckless and without care for danger. Afterwards, it is the analysis of 3 rd stanza PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 47 3 rd stanza Why do I fiddle? Or the wild waves roar? 9 That they might pound the rocky shore, 10 That eye be blinded, that bosom swell, 11 That Soul‘s cry carry down to Hell. 12 Thus, the literal meaning of 3 rd stanza: This stanza pictures fiddler‘s responds towards the previous question addressed by observer. The fiddler responds it also by asking questions: why he plays fiddle and why the wild raised water in the sea cry as in grief or anger. Subsequently, the cause of that crying wild raised water might strike heavily the land, consisting of rocks, which borders large body of water. Then, it also gives impact to eye which might be lacked in perception or judgment. Moreover, breast along with the arm might be puffed up and emotional force might produce passionate utterance of grief and lamentation which then it carry down to the place of evil. The writer then analyzes the literal meaning in 4 th stanza. 4 th stanza Fiddler, with scorn you rend your heart. 13 A radiant God lent you your art, 14 To dazzle with waves of melody, 15 To soar to the star-dance in the sky. 16 According to the definition above, the writer finds that literal meaning of 4 th stanza pictures the fiddler speaker who replies to the observer‘s statements. The observer narrates that the fiddler distresses his heart as in grief with a supreme contempt. The observer perceived that it is not supposed to be done by the fiddler PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 48 because kindness God lent the fiddler his practical knowledge or natural ability. Because of that reason, observer suggests that fiddler is supposed to be charm in brilliant looks with waves of agreeable succession, with a large burning-gas ball which is dancing in the sky. Further, literal meaning of 5 th stanza is analyzed below. 5 th stanza How so I plunge, plunge without fail 17 My blood-black sabre into your soul. 18 That art God neither wants nor wists, 19 It leaps to the brain from Hell‘s black mists. 20 The 5 th stanza pictures the fiddler‘s response toward the observer. This stanza is opened by the fiddler‘s statement ‗How so‘. This utterance expresses the fiddler who tries to clarify to the observer about his saying, clarifying the degree of its truth. Then the fiddler states that he moves his blood sword whose color is very dark, suddenly and violently, into the observer‘s emotional force without fail. Then, the fiddler says that art God, neither wants nor knows. The Art God moves suddenly to mind from a black suspension of liquid gas in the evil place. Next, the writer examines the literal meaning of 6 th stanza. 6 th stanza Till heart‘s bewitched, till senses reel: 21 With Satan I have struck my deal. 22 He chalks the signs, beats time for me, 23 I play the death march fast and free. 24 Hence, the writer sees that 6 th stanza becomes the continuing of the fiddler‘s response. The fiddler continues his statements. He conveys that he arrives at his PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 49 agreement with the temper of mankind until his deep feeling and belief attracted by something that he cannot think about anything else and his rational perception stagger as when drunk. The temper of mankind has put an official sign and defeats time for the fiddler. He plays the death protest walk of massive people fast and free. Then, the writer continues to analyze literal meaning of 7 th stanza as explained below. 7 th stanza ―I must play dark, I must play light, 25 Till bowstrings break my heart outright. ‖ 26 Afterwards, 7 th stanza becomes the final response of the fiddler toward the observer‘s utterance. He emphasizes it in one sentence that he must play dark and light until bowstring, the music instruments he plays, break his heart entirely without limitation. Eventually, the writer comes with the last analysis of 8 th stanza. 8 th stanza The Fiddler saws the strings, 27 His light brown hair he tosses and flings. 28 He carries a sabre at his side, 29 He wears a pleated habit wide. 30 At last, 8 th stanza becomes the closing stanza of the poem ―The Fiddler‖. In the end of the poem, it is closed with the repetition of the first stanza which gives picture of the fiddler. Here, the fiddler emphasizes that he must play dark and light until bowstring, the music instruments he plays, break his heart entirely without limitation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 50

4.5 The Analysis of Karl Marx’s Aberration on Class Consciousness