Manufacture of finished product Delivery of product to the customer

312 • Purchase Lead Time : 3, • Manufacturing Lead Time : 1. The example above will then be given the following lead times: • Delivery ARM100: 29 January =1st January + 30 days – 2 days, • Manufacture ARM100: 23 January =29 January – 5 days – 1 day, • Manufacture PANLAT: 12 January =26 January – 10 days – 1 day, • Purchase BOIS02 for ARM100: 15 January =26 January – 5 days – 3 days, • Purchase BOIS02 for PANLAT: 4 January =12 January – 5 days – 3 days.

21.9 Operations

In the first part of this chapter, manufacturing management was handled in terms of products and materials. This section focuses on manufacturing operations. To manufacture or assemble products, as well as using raw materials and finished product you must also handle operations such as assembly, drilling wood, and cutting timber. The different operations will have different impacts on the costs of manufacture and planning depending on the available workload.

21.9.1 Definition of concepts

To manage operations you should understand the following concepts • Workcenters, • Routing, • Operations.

21.9.2 Workcenters

Workcenters represent units of product, capable of doing material transformation operations. You can distinguish two types of workcenter: machines and human resources. Note: Workcenter Workcenters are units of manufacture consisting of one or several people andor machines that can be considered as a unit for the purposes of forecasting capacity and planning. Use the menu Manufacturing → Configuration → Resources → Work Centers to define a new workcenter. You get a form as shown in the figure Definition of a workcenter . 313 Figure 21.20: Definition of a workcenter A workcenter must have a name and a code. You then assign a type: machine, human resource, tool, and a description of operating hours or functionality. The figure Definition of a workcenter represents the hours from Monday to Friday, from 08:00 to 18:00 with a break of an hour from 12:00. You should show a description of the workcenter and its operations. Once the database is encoded you should enter data about the production capacity of the workcenter. Depending on whether you have a machine or a person, a workcenter will be defined in cycles or hours. If it represents a set of machines and people you can use both cycles and hours at the same time. Note: A Cycle A cycle corresponds to the time required to carry out an assembly operation. The user is free to determine which is the reference operation for a given workcenter. It must be represented by the cost and elapsed time of manufacture. For example, for a printing workcenter, a cycle will be the printing of 1 page or of 1000 pages depending on the printer. To define the capacity properly it is necessary to know, for each workcenter, what will be the reference operation which determines the cycle. You can then define the data relative to the capacity. Capacity per Cycle CA : determine the number of operations that can be done in parallel during a cycle. Generally the number defines the number of identical machines or people defined by the workcenter. Time for 1 cycle hour TC : give the duration in hour for that or the operations defined by a cycle. Time before production TS : give the wait in hours to initialise production operations. Generally this represents the machine setup time. Time after production TN : give the delay in hours after the end of a production operation. Generally this represents the cleaning time necessary after an operation. Efficiency factor ET : is a factor that is applied to the three times above to determine the real production time. This factor enables you to readjust the different times progressively and as a measure of machine utilization. You can not readjust the other times because generally they are taken from the machine’s data sheet. The total time for carrying out X operations is then given by the following formula: C CA TC + TS + TN ET. In this formula the result of the division is rounded upwards. Then if the capacity per cycle is 6 it takes 3 cycles to realize 15 operations. Tip: Multi-level routing It is possible to define routing on several levels to support multi-level bills of materials. You can select the routing on each level of a bill of materials. The levels are then linked to hierarchies of bills of materials.