46 percentage used a formula in order to know the score of each scale in percentage.
The formula is shown in Figure 3.1.
∑� ∑�
x 100
Figure 3.1 The Percentage Formula
∑� : The number of students that choose the same scale in each statement
∑� : Total students
After the researcher computed the mean, the researcher present the result firstly per part. Then, the researcher interprets per item in each category based on
the data acquired from the questionnaire. In addition, it is also supported by the result of the interview and the result of the direct observation which is observed
by the researcher.
F. Research Procedure
In order to conduct the research, the researcher employed the steps involved in survey method Ary et al., 2010, p. 378. Those steps can be seen on
the following page in Figure 3.2.
47
Figure 3.2 Survey Method Procedure Source: Ary et al., 2010, p.378
Based on Figure 3.2. it will be explained as follows:
1. Planning
In this step, the researcher began with a question that the researcher believed could be answered appropriately by means of the survey method. The
researcher defined two research questions in this research, they are: “What is the
students’ perception on the use of Edmodo in writing descriptive text?” and “How does Edmodo help the students in developing their writing skills?”.
2. Defining the Population
This step is one of the first important steps in conducting survey. It is used to define the population under research; to whom the survey will be conducted.
The total population of this research was 63 students who came from the first grade of junior high school students in SMP N 2 Yogyakarta. The researcher
SURVEY METHOD
Planning Defining the Population
Sampling Constructing the Instruments
Conducting the Survey Processing the Data
48 chose that population because those students had implemented Edmodo in writing
descriptive text.
3. Sampling
Sampling is used because researchers generally cannot survey an entire population; they select a sample from that population. On the other hand, sample
must be representative of the population. Based on the previous explanation, the researcher conducted the research by using three instruments in form of
questionnaire, interview, and direct observation in different number of participants for each instrument. The researcher chose 30 students from the total
population as the sample and also as the participants for gathering the data from the questionnaire. On the other hand, the researcher employed a stratified
sampling which was used for gathering the data from the interview because the researcher only interviewed six students from that sample based on their learning
level.
4. Constructing the Instruments
A major task in survey method is constructing the instrument that will be used to gather the data from the sample. After the researcher defined the students
as the participants, the researcher began to construct the instrument. In this research, the researcher developed three instruments, these are: questionnaire,
interview and direct observation.
5. Conducting the Survey
Once the data-gathering instrument is prepared, it must be field tested to determine if it will provide the desired data. First, the researcher observed the
49 respondents and then distributed the questionnaire in order to obtain the data from
the students. Last, the researcher interviewed the students which were chosen before.
6. Processing the Data
This is the last step in survey method procedure. It consists of coding the data, statistical analysis, interpreting the results, and reporting the findings. So in
this step, the researcher analyzed the data gained from the questionnaire and interview. After that, the researcher reported the research finding and drew the
conclusion based on the finding in this research. In this research, the researcher analyzed the data gained from the
questionnaire by presenting the data gathered which involved the data frequency and the percentages of data group. Then, the researcher found out the mean of
each category in order to know whether the category is considered as positive or negative response. In order to score the positive and negative response, the
researcher used the following criteria:
Table 3.8 The Mean Score Criteria
Score Class
1 – 2.4
Negative 2.5
– 4 Positive
After the researcher got the score for each category, then it was used for identifying the results of the questionnaire in each category by interpreting the
questionnaire per item. The research ’s analysis and interpretation were based on
