Research Subjects Research Procedures

Figure 2: The Procedure of the Research 1. Conducting Needs Analysis The first step of this procedure was conducting needs analysis from students of the eighth grade of SMP N 3 Tempel to find out information about the characteristic of them. The results of the need analysis were used as guidelines in designing writing materials. Identification of need for materials Conducting Needs Analysis Designing Writing the Course Grid Production of materials Developing the First Draft of Writing Materials Revisions Revising the First Draft of the Materials Evaluation of materials Getting the Expert Judgment and Evaluating the First Draft 2. Writing the Course Grid Based on the data from the needs analysis, the researcher made course grid to develop the writing materials. 3. Developing the First Draft of Writing Materials After writing course grid, the researcher developed activities based on the need analysis and junior high schools’ curriculum. The researcher developed 3 units of writing materials. 4. Getting the Expert Judgment and Evaluating the First Draft After designing the writing materials, the evaluation questionnaire for expert judgments was distributed. The results were used to evaluate and revise the materials. 5. Revising the First Draft of the Materials The last step is revising the draft based on the data from the questionnaire. The suggestions and advices from the expert judgment were considered to revise the developed materials. The result was the final product of the writing materials for students of the eighth grade of SMP N 3 Tempel.

E. Data Collection Techniques

In this research, there were two techniques which were used. Those were the students’ needs analysis and the expert judgment. The first technique, the students’ needs analysis, was the technique conducted before the first draft of the writing materials was developed. The data were the target needs and the learning needs collected by distributing questionnaires for students. The second was the expert judgment. It was conducted after developing the first draft. The data was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of the materials.

F. Data Collection Instruments

There were two instruments of questionnaires guidelines which were used in collecting the data. Those are needs analysis questionnaires and expert judgment questionnaires.

1. Needs Analysis Questionnaires

Needs analysis questionnaires were distributed to the students of the eighth grades SMP N 3 Tempel to get information about the target needs and the learning needs. The organization of the first questionnaire is explained in the following table: Table 5: The Organization of the Need Analysis Questionnaire for Students Question Numbers The Purpose of the Questions References To find out the personal information about the students 1, 2, 3 To find out the reason of learning English Graves 1993 4 To find out the students’ necessity related to the writing materials. Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 55 5 To find out the students’ lack related to the writing materials. Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 55 6 To find out the students’ wants related to the writing materials. Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 56 7-11 To find out the students’ interest for the writing input. Nunan 2004:42-52 12 To find out students’ interest for Nunan