Conceptual Framework LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

considered as a complicated skill to acquire. Richards and Renandya 2002 state that writing is the most difficult skill for the second language learners to master. According to the observation, writing becomes a problem for students of eighth grade of Junior High School. First, students get problems in developing their ideas in writing a text. Second, they find difficulties in choosing the words that suitable for their writing because they have lack of vocabulary. The other problem is the use of grammar. They still have some mistakes using the grammar. In arranging sentences, they still have some mistakes in the use of punctuation, spelling and capitalization. One of the ways to solve the problems is by using interesting materials to help students practice writing. Unfortunately, based on the observation in SMP N 3 Tempel, the teacher only used LKS Lembar Kerja Siswa in the teaching learning process. In fact, the LKS which is used does not help students to develop their writing. Students feel bored to do the assignments because it only answers the questions from the texts. It does not give students a motivation to write. Based on the explanation above, the researcher wanted to develop writing materials for students of eighth grade of junior high school using the process of writing. The steps of process of writing are pre-writing, drafting, responding and editing. In developing the materials, the researcher used the steps which are proposed by Jolly and Balitho in Tomlinson 1998: 98 which some modifications. The steps consist of conducting needs analysis, writing the course grid, developing the first draft, getting expert judgment and evaluating the first draft of the materials, also revision the first materials. 31

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the method used in this research. The research type, the research setting, the research subjects, the research procedure, the data collection technique, the data collection instruments and the data analysis techniques are explained.

A. Research Type

The objective of this research is to develop writing materials for students of the eighth grade of SMP N 3 Tempel. These materials are developed based on the students’ needs. This research is categorized as an Educational Research and Development RD. Gall, Gall and Borg 2003: 569 state that “Educational RD is an industry-based development model in which the findings of research are used to design new products and procedures, which systematically field-tested, evaluated, and refined to meet the specified criteria of effectiveness, quality or similar standards”. The result of this study is writing materials for students of eighth grade of SMP N 3 Tempel.

B. Research Setting

This research was conducted at SMP N 3 Tempel. It is located in Pondokrejo, Tempel, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The school has 9 classrooms which consist of 3 classrooms for the seventh grade, 3 classrooms for the eighth grade and 3 classrooms for the ninth grade, the headmistress’ office, the teachers’ office, a library, a computer laboratory, a science laboratory, a health center, a mosque, two fields, canteens, some toilets and parking areas. The classrooms consist of for about thirty three students. There are LCD, whiteboard, cupboard, chairs and tables for each class.

C. Research Subjects

The subjects of the research were students of the eighth grade of SMP N 3 Tempel. There were 88 students of the eighth grade divided into three classes at the age of 13-15 years old.

D. Research Procedures

The research procedures of the research were adapted from Jolly and Bolitho in Tomlinson, 1998 with some modifications. There are 5 steps of the research procedures which were conducting needs analysis, writing the course grid, developing the first draft of the materials, getting expert judgment and revising the first draft of the materials. The diagram of the reseach procedures is presented in the next page.