communication. That is why collaborative style will form a long term relationship with other. It requires the cooperative behaviour from both parties.
d. Resolution of Conflict
In life, everyone has his own way in facing a conflict, either it is intrapersonal or interpersonal conflict. Intrapersonal conflict is a person’s inner
conflict that occurs because of the choices between two or more alternative ways. In facing intrapersonal conflict, Worchel and Cooper 460-464 state some
resolution for those who face intrapersonal conflict. If someone faces an approach-approach conflict, he can define his goal and find the better way in
achieving more goals. An approach-avoidance conflict is hardly has a resolution because someone hardly finds a resolution in this situation. Furthermore, if
someone faces an avoidance-avoidance conflict, the better resolution for this problem is to avoid the conflict because the effect will bring him to negative
effect. Then, if he faces a double approach-avoidance conflict, there are two resolutions to solve this problem. First resolution is trying to achieve one goal and
giving up to another. The second resolution depends on the value of each goal, if the positive value is higher than negative, then the goal can be reached.
While intrapersonal conflict deals with human’s doubts, interpersonal conflict deals with another man or party. Therefore, it needs a way to resolve the
problem. Alder and Towne 376-380 define three manners in taking decision to resolve the interpersonal conflict. They are win-lose, lose-lose, and win-win
solution. In win-lose solution, there is only one side who feels satisfied with the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
result of conflict while the other is giving up their goals and interests. In lose-lose decision, there is no side who feels satisfied with the solution of conflict. The last
solution is win-win. It means that each side will satisfied with the solution of the conflict. They achieve their goals without giving up their interests.
While Alder and Towne propose three manners in finding conflict resolution, Isenhart and Spangle 45-152 hold another point of view to achieve
interpersonal conflict resolution. They are negotiation, mediation, facilitation, arbitration and judicial process.
The first alternative resolution is negotiation. Negotiation means that there is a compromise between parties to achieve their goals. There are two types of
negotiation; they are integrative and distributive resolutions. In integrative resolution, the parties usually exchange information. They rarely use threats or
demands to achieve their goals. They are identifying their goals while protecting their relationships with other party. As a result, both of parties will state their
goals and advantages clearly. In contrast, distributive resolution uses threats or demands to achieve the goals. It is known as bargaining process. This process
does not concern with the relationship between two parties. The second alternative is mediation. In this alternative, the third party is
needed as mediators to guide the two parties, who are in conflict, to find out their problem resolution. In this case, the third party is a neutral side. The next
alternative will be facilitation. Usually, facilitation plays a role in a complex problem that cope a large size of people. In this alternative resolution, the third
party is also needed as a facilitator. The third party creates a collaborative PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
discussion that needs a process of opinion surveying, image building, and also brainstorming. The fourth alternative resolution will be arbitration. Arbitration
resolution plays a role when both parties do not find a resolution to solve their problems. Therefore, the both parties choose the third party to make the decision.
The last alternative is judicial process. This is a step when all the alternative resolutions cannot give any resolution for conflicts. It is done based on the social
norms, the legal or non-legal laws and the procedures to resolve the conflicts. The third party of this judicial process is known as court.
B. Review of Related Studies
