2.4. The Interpretation Program
The overall interpretation effort is known as the interpretation program. It includes the personnel, facilities and all interpretation activities of an
organization, agency or individual area. The interpretation program relates the natural or cultural phenomena of the object to the visitors and utilizes a wide
variety of methods to present this subject matter Sharpe, 1982. Interpretation provide many benefits, there are:
• Contribute directly to the enrichment of visitor experiences.
• Makes visitors aware of the place in total environment and give them a
better understanding of the complexities coexisting with that environment. •
May broaden the visitor’s horizon beyond the park or forest boundary, giving a greater understanding of the total natural resources picture.
• Informs the public and an informed public may make wiser decision on
matters related to natural resources management, •
May reduce the unnecessary destruction of tourism property, resulting in lower maintenance and replacement costs.
• Provides a means of moving people subtly from sensitive areas to sites that
can better sustain heavy human impact, thus protecting the environment. •
A way to improve public image and establish public support. •
May inspire in visitor sense of pride in their country or in the region’s culture and heritage.
• May assist in the successful promotion of tourism site where tourism is
essential to an area’s or country’s economy.
• May be effective in preserving a significant historic site or natural area by
arousing citizen concern. •
May motivate the public to take action to protect their environment in a sensible and logical way.
2.5. Criteria in Scoring for Tourism Attraction
Tourism object and attraction are the main component for developing any tourism program, include the developing the interpretation program. These two
factors are the one of the main factors for tourism satisfaction Gunn, 1994. Attractions are everything that can be seeing, hearing, feeling and
enjoying. Tourism attractions are important things in developing the interpretation program. Tourism attractive analysis using for knowing the attraction index in
tourism objects through the potential attractions of the object, scoring and weighting are used to make the analysis easily. Scoring and weighting system for
tourism attributes with expertise judgment can generally explain the importance of tourism developing program. Smith 1989 categorized the attractive factors in a
tourism site in five main categories, there are: •
Natural Factor •
Cultural and social factor •
Historical factor •
Recreational factor •
Tourism infrastructure factors
Attractive attraction is the attractiveness of environment that includes beautiful senses in tourism object, and tourism component and supply. Beautiful
senses are: •
Vision The natural beauty of landscape. Examples: farming zone, lakes, and
settlement areas. •
Smell Natural smell coming from the environment smell of grass, forest,
etc. •
Sound Natural sounds likes water, birds singing, wind, etc.
• Taste
Unique taste comes from the attractive objects. Tourism Component Supply are :
• Natural Resources
Consist of use and the enjoyment of visitors, air and climate, land form, terrain, flora, fauna, water bodies, beaches, and natural beauty
scenery. •
Infra Structure Consist of electrical, road, gasoline station, and accommodation.
• Transportation and Transportation Equipment
1. Air
2. Motor coach
3. Ship and Boat
4. Rail
5. Taxis
• Hospitality and Culture Resources
1. Activities
2. Shopping
3. Entertainment, Recreation and other
4. Museums
Score is something that stick in object in order to satisfy the needed of people in their life including their needed of beauty. In general, score is an
abstract thing depends on logical factors, esthetic, physical and cultural. Gunn 1994 noted that there are many ways for choosing criteria in tourism object. For
natural tourism the important things in scoring and choosing criteria are: •
The variety: object with higher variety of biota and ecosystem has important rules in keeping the balancing of environment.
• The delegation: biota formation can be used as the parameter for
another special biota’s in another place. •
The originality: the originality of biota and physical •
The effectiveness: management aspect •
The uniqueness: something that unique and exclusive
World Heritage Committee criteria can be used for scoring in cultural object in tourism. In this method the criteria for cultural tourism object are:
• Religions system
• Social factors
• Economic factor
• Art
• Language
• Tools and
• Education system.
2.6. Geographic Information System
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