Developing Interpretation Route And Program Of Agrotourism (Case Study Malang Regency, East Java Province)

DEVELOPING INTERPRETATION ROUTE AND PROGRAM

OF AGROTOURISM

(Case Study: Malang Regency, East Java Province)

NIKEN DIAS PRASASTI

G051054031

GRADUATE SCHOOL

BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

2008

ABSTRACT

NIKEN DIAS PRASASTI (2008). Developing Interpretation Route and Program of Agrotourism (Case Study: Malang Regency, East Java Province). Under the supervision of YULI SUHARNOTO and SITI NURISYAH.

Agrotourism is the form of tourism which capitalizes on rural culture as a tourist attraction. It is similar to ecotourism except that its primary appeal is not the natural landscape but a cultural landscape. An advantage agrotourism

approach is that rural areas are popular destinations for holidays and excursions, particularly cultural landscapes which still give a review of how previous generations lived and worked. Agrotourism is well known in Malang Regency. Agriculture industries growth well, supporting with the suitable condition such as land condition, weather in these places. The variation of plants and the beauty sceneries are the attractive things beside the visitors allow to get interact with the objects. For example they can pick fruits, learn more about plant or just buy some souvenir.

The objectives in this research are to identify attractive agrotourism tourism objects in Malang Regency, identify agrotourism activities mainly based on farm activities and to develop the agrotourism interpretation route and

programs. Geography Information System (GIS) is used as the main tools to process the analysis.

Criteria used for scoring agrotourism objects are the criteria from Dinas Perhubungan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Malang. Main goal of these methods is for making concept, strategy, plan and program the tourism attraction in Malang Regency by knowing the priority object in every zone. There is 5 Zones in Malang Regency where three interpretation alternatives route are developed in each zone. Determination zoning area is a strategy of tourism object developing in Malang regency.

There are three interpretation alternatives route in every zone. The first alternative is developed by classifying the visited stops based on the object with horticulture and non plant as the agrotourism attraction. Second, is developed by classifying the visited stops based on the object with non horticulture plant and non plant as the agrotourism attraction. The last alternative is developed by visiting all agrotourism objects without classifying the tourism resources. According to the prioritizing analysis using Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP), alternative 1 has the highest priority for the criteria of educational, recreational and inspirational benefits in zone 1, 2, 3 and 4. For zone 5 alternatives 3 has the highest priority. Those all priority alternatives are expected to be the most preferable alternatives in interpretation route and program of agrotourism in Malang Regency. The output of interpretation program may lead to the

successfulness of conservation and management program that will support the tourism linkage system.

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

Tourism is a vital industry for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by visitors, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism.

Tourism in Indonesia still performs as a promising industry, though it has showed deprivation trends because of the economic crisis in the last decades. Its importance is set to grow even more as the economic transforms into a post individual society. With the rapid economic expansion that many countries have experienced, it is highly likely that tourism industry will be the main driver to bring about both economic and social evolution.

World Tourism Organization data showed that Asia Pacific has the biggest tourist growth in 1982 – 1988. In 1992 Asia Pacific get 58 million tourists and increasing until 2000. The growth of tourist in Asia Pacific is a potential market for tourism industries in Indonesia. In 1988, Indonesia tourism industries contribute US $ 1027.8 million and increasing almost US $ 8-9 billion in Pelita IV (Sek. Dirjen Pariwisata , 1993)

In Indonesia, tourism industries has been giving a large contribution to the country’s economic growth, especially in increasing the national income as the third biggest contributor after oil and gas, and textile industry until 1997 (Tim KLH and UNDP in Roslita, 2001)

Indonesia is an archipelago that enrich with varied landscape forms and tropical natural beauty, as well as has a large variety of cultural assets. The beauty

of Indonesia is become the main basis of tourism development in Indonesia. Indonesia with high biodiversity has a various natural resources that become resources in tourism services.

Agrotourism is the form of tourism which capitalizes on rural culture as a tourist attraction. It is similar to ecotourism except that its primary appeal is not the natural landscape but a cultural landscape. Tourism that based on cultural landscape are divided into primitive, traditional and modern. Primitive means that all activities are done by human resources. In traditional, technology is involved even just in a small part. Third, in modern high technology are involved in the activities. If the attractions on offer to visitors contribute to improving the income of the regional population, agrotourism can promote regional development. To ensure that it also helps to conserve diversity, the rural population itself must have recognized agrobiodiversity as valuable and worthy of protection.

The advantage agrotourism approach is that rural areas are popular destinations for holidays and excursions, particularly cultural landscapes which still give a review of how past generations lived and worked. Typical regional crops and local breeds become a particular attraction for visitors. This generates additional income for farmers and contributes to the conservation and development of the whole region.

Indonesia well known as an agricultural country, as can be seen by the large area utilized for agriculture. Agricultural area in Indonesia comprised around 52.36 million hectares or around 71.33 percent of the total area. Agricultural sector is an important sector for this country because (1) Indonesia has many and various in natural resources (2) the contribution for national income

(3) the contribution for export (4) a big number of society has depend on this sector as their main living (5) is a main sector in food stock and (6) is a basic for rural growth. (Hanafi et al, 2003).

Unfortunately, Indonesia agricultural nowadays is decrease more than 50%. Many agricultural lands become settlement, industrials area, or business area. The awareness of Indonesian people about agriculture also decreases. For example about job that related to agriculture, they prefer choosing another job that they thought can make more money. If this condition continued, agriculture will be just agriculture for fulfill food requirement without any other benefit on it. Farmers will be the only one who care and interest with it. Agrotourism is one method to support the educational program in agriculture. It is expected to prevent the declining of agriculture and increase people awareness.

The quality of human resources is an importing thing in agriculture sector development. Introduction and appreciation about agriculture sector for society is one way of increasing the quality of human resources. Main idea in developing the interpretation program of agrotourism site is for education. During the program, visitors will learn about something likes how to planting, and how to harvesting. With interpretation program, visitors are expected to more care about agriculture as a one way to take Indonesia becoming the real agricultural country.

Region autonomy is a gateway for every local government in managing and developing the potency from district area to realize the balancing and harmonic development. The potency are comes from industrial, tourism sector and other sectors. These potencies are developing to increase the district income and improve the society prosperity by involving the local society.

Tourism sector can be used as a tool in increasing the autonomy potencies, and for required the society requirement in refreshing. In tourism planning, human or society is the main aspect beside the spatial aspect. Human play a role as a subject and at the same time as an object, it means that required the human requirement is the most important thing in developing tourism planning.

The most important thing in tourism developing program is the tourism object developing that required with tourist desire. In general, tourism object is something that consumed by tourist, start from they move from their places, during the journey, until they come back to their places.

All the potencies from the environment must be concern in developing tourism program. Therefore, is required to conduct more specific study about how big the potencies are. This development will support the development of tourism in Malang Regency, and also expected to increase the income that at least can be used to require their needed. This capability mean that tourism sector not depend on another sector.

Tourism development is influenced by the attraction of the object and the facilities. Beside that, it also influenced by world and national economic condition, and socio-politic stabilities. Concerning in the fact, it show that Indonesia social, economic and politic are unstable. Those conditions are directly influence to the tourist visiting in Indonesia and Malang regency. It will take a long time to return the trust of the condition in Indonesia. In order to reach the goal, the quality of tourism services in many ways especially in services that concerns in the easiness and the comfortable for the tourist are must be improved. From all of the mention above, is needed to rearrange the potencies of tourism

object and the entire supporting component to get closer with better tourism that more concern in the tourist satisfaction.

Agrotourism is well known in Malang Regency. Agriculture industries growth well, supporting with the suitable condition such as land condition, weather in these places. The variation of plants and the beauty sceneries are the attractive things beside the visitors allow to get interact with the objects. For example they can pick fruits, learn more about plant or just buy some souvenir.

Attractive tourism objects of agrotourism in Malang Regency can be horticulture (vegetables, flowers, or fruits), fishery or cattle farm. There is not always object that newly develop, not only agricultural object in big scale, but also can be the existing object supported by facilities. The most important thing in agrotourism is about the uniqueness that can be exposed. For example kind of attractive tourism objects, the quality, the beauty scenery of the object, etc.

Concerning that fact, it is important to develop interpretation program of Agrotourism site in Malang Regency. The output of interpretation program may lead to the successfulness of conservation and management program that will support the tourism linkage system.

Figure 1. Regional Tourism Linkage in Malang Raya (Badan Perencanaan Kabupaten Malang, 2006)

1.2. Objectives

The objectives in this research are:

• Identify attractive agrotourism tourism objects in Malang Regency • Identify agrotourism activities mainly based on farm activities • Develop the agrotourism interpretation programs.

1.3. Scope

The main purpose in this research is developing interpretation of Agrotourism site in Malang Regency. Geography Information System (GIS) is used as the main tools to process the analysis.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Agrotourism

Tourism is an activity that individuals do and usually enjoy. Tourism is temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during the stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater for their needs (Matthieson and Wall in Sitawati, 2006).

Agrotourism is being developed as a valuable component of a business model to support many agricultural entities when the farm products they produce are no longer economically competitive otherwise. To help promote the single Agrotourism operations, some farms get together to form festivals, tours or other events. People are more interested in how their food is produced and want to meet the producers and talk with them about what goes into food production. Children who visit the farms often have not seen a live duck, or goat, and have not picked an apple right off the tree. This form of expanded agro-tourism has given birth to what are often called "entertainment farms." These farms cater to the pick-your-own crowd, offering not only regular farm products, but also food, mazes, open-pen animals, train rides, picnic facilities and pick-your-own produce *)

Agrotourism is a style of vacation in which hospitality is offered on farms. This may include the opportunity to assist with farming tasks during the visit. Agrotourism is wide-spread and includes any farm open to the public at least part of the year. Visitors can pick fruits and vegetables, ride horses, learn about plant, shop in gift shops and farm stands for local and regional produce or hand-crafted

gifts, and much more. Each farm generally offers a unique and memorable experience suitable for the entire family (Koeswandono in Suprijanto 2006).

Agrotourism is a mild form of sustainable tourist development and multi-activity in rural areas through which the visitor has the opportunity to get acquainted with agricultural areas, agricultural occupations, local products, traditional cuisine and the daily life of the people, as well as the cultural elements and the authentic features of the area, while showing respect for the environment and tradition. Moreover, this activity brings visitors closer to nature and rural activities in which they can participate, be entertained and feel the pleasure of touring, learning and discovering. At the same time, it mobilizes the productive, cultural and developmental forces of an area, contributing in this way to the sustainable environmental, economic and social development of the rural area *)

Agrotourism is a form in tourism activities that using farming zone as the attractive object. Agrotourism provides beauty scenery of agricultural supporting with the activities related with agricultural. The boundary of agrotourism is the tourism that also using forest and another natural resources besides farming zone. Agrotourims activities are activities that related with rural activities that can increase the economy.

Agrotourism is one of form in tourism that can be generalized as a tourism that focusing on farming, as the unique attraction for visitors. (Keputusan Bersama Menteri Pertanian dan Menteri Periwisata, Pos dan Telekomunikasi No. 204/Kpts/Hk.050/4/1989 dan No. KM 47/ PW-004/MPPT-89).

2.2. Tourism Components

Talking about tourism is also talking about everything that sticks on it. Tourism activity are supported by tourism component, there are:

2.2.1 Tourist

Tourist is someone that moving from their places without stay in a long time or making some money from it. Based on Instruksi Presiden RI No. 9 Tahun 1996, tourist can be explaining as:

• Someone that take a journey in order to their own pleasure, or family business

• Someone that moving from their place for a business

• Someone that moving from their place as the delegation for scientific, sport and excreta

• Someone that comes, and if they stay it will less than 24 hours Tourist can be classified based on some criteria, there are: • Based on the total of tourist:

a. Individual Tour b. Family Group c. Group Tour

• Based on the arrangement: a. Pre-arranged Tour b. Package Tour c. Coach Tour

• Based on the goal: a. Holiday Tour

b. Familiarization Tour c. Educational Tour d. Pileimage Tour e. Special Program Tour f. Hunting Tour

• Based on the management : a. Excursion

b. Safari Tour c. Cruise Tour d. Youth Tour e. Marine Tour

People as tourist are doing their tourism activity with motivations. The motivations are:

• Cultural Motivation :

a. Knowing about culture, art, architecture, and history about something b. Knowing the important event (sport, business, national or international

event)

• Individual Motivation

a. Family visiting, friend visiting or looking for a new friend b. For fun

c. Spiritual visiting

• Status and Achievement Motivation a. Hobby

b. Study c. Conference d. Personal meeting

2.2.2 Tourism Object

Tourism Object is the realization of a human creation, life arrangement, art, history and culture, with something unique that make it interesting for tourist (PP No.24, 1979). Tourism Object consists of:

• Natural Tourism Object

Object that using natural component as the attraction. It can be inside or outside the conservation area.

• Cultural Tourism Object

Act and artifact of the society are the main component. • Special Attraction Tourism Object

2.2.3 Facilities

Facilities are a fundamental element that supporting tourism activity, beside the tourism objects. It can be natural resources or human resources to fill tourist requirement such as road, electricity, water, and telecommunication. The developing of supporting facilities will increase the accessibility and will continue with the tourist increasing.

Supporting facilities are divided into: • Main Tourism Facilities

1. Tourism agent 2. Transportation 3. Restaurant

• Supplementing Tourism Facilities

1. Recreation and Sport Facilities, for examples golf court, tennis court, and house riding.

2. Public Facilities, for examples road, bridge, electricity and telecommunication.

• Supporting Tourism Facilities

1. Nightclub and steam bath as the supporting facilities for night entertainment

2. Souvenir shop and mailing service as the supporting facilities.

2.2.3 Promotion

The goal in promotion is to give information about tourism object activity. Promotion can be direct and indirect publication. Direct promotion is promotions that publish by all institution that connecting with marketing through display, exhibition,booklet, or brochure. Indirect promotion is publications that addressed to tourism object dealer such as tourism agent.

2.3. Interpretation of Tourism Site

The terms of Interpretation are program and activity. The program means a set of objectives for the things that we want our visitor to understand, the activity has to do with the skills and techniques by which that understanding is created. Essentially, how well the visitor or tourist can understand the important meanings and relationship of the site they visit depends on the program and the activity that together make up the interpretation.

Interpretation is a service for visitors to parks, forests, refuges, and similar recreation areas. Though visitors to these areas come for relaxation and inspiration, many also wish to learn about the area’s natural and cultural resources. The resources comprise the geological processes, animal, plants, ecological communities, history and prehistory of humans. Interpretation is the communication link between the visitor and these resources (Sharpe, 1982). Interpretation seeks to achieve three objectives:

• To assist the visitor in developing a keener awareness, appreciation and understanding of the area the visitors are visiting.

• To accomplish management goals. It can be done in two ways. First. Interpretation can encourage thoughtful use of the recreation resource on the part of the visitor, helping reinforce the idea that parks are special places requiring special behavior. Second, interpretation can be used to minimize human impact on the resources in a variety of ways.

• To promote public understanding of an agency’s goals and objectives, that has a message to convey. Well done interpretation favorably promotes the

image of the agency that supplies it. If it is overdone, the message is labeled propaganda rather than interpretation or public information. Interpretation is a communication process designed to reveal meanings and relationship of our cultural and natural resources to the public, through first hand experiences with objects, artifacts, landscapes or site. Interpretation is not only talk about information that only a present answers to questions that visitors are not asking. Interpretive communication takes the information by transforming and translating the information into the language of the visitor. To be truly “interpretive”, the message (interpretive panel, brochure, etc.) must be follow the following criteria:

• The communication must first provoke the attention or curiosity of the audience

• Relate to everyday life of the visitor; tell them why they need to know this information.

• Reveal the key concepts of the message or story through a unique viewpoint save the surprise ending or answer for last.

• Address the whole; illustrate to the visitor how each individual stop along concept of the total byway experience or story.

• Has message Unity, the design and presentation of the interpretive media along the total byway will have a uniformed themed look (design, fronts, historic dating, etc.)

2.4. The Interpretation Program

The overall interpretation effort is known as the interpretation program. It includes the personnel, facilities and all interpretation activities of an organization, agency or individual area. The interpretation program relates the natural or cultural phenomena of the object to the visitors and utilizes a wide variety of methods to present this subject matter (Sharpe, 1982).

Interpretation provide many benefits, there are:

• Contribute directly to the enrichment of visitor experiences.

• Makes visitors aware of the place in total environment and give them a better understanding of the complexities coexisting with that environment. • May broaden the visitor’s horizon beyond the park or forest boundary,

giving a greater understanding of the total natural resources picture.

• Informs the public and an informed public may make wiser decision on matters related to natural resources management,

• May reduce the unnecessary destruction of tourism property, resulting in lower maintenance and replacement costs.

• Provides a means of moving people subtly from sensitive areas to sites that can better sustain heavy human impact, thus protecting the environment. • A way to improve public image and establish public support.

• May inspire in visitor sense of pride in their country or in the region’s culture and heritage.

• May assist in the successful promotion of tourism site where tourism is essential to an area’s or country’s economy.

• May be effective in preserving a significant historic site or natural area by arousing citizen concern.

• May motivate the public to take action to protect their environment in a sensible and logical way.

2.5. Criteria in Scoring for Tourism Attraction

Tourism object and attraction are the main component for developing any tourism program, include the developing the interpretation program. These two factors are the one of the main factors for tourism satisfaction (Gunn, 1994).

Attractions are everything that can be seeing, hearing, feeling and enjoying. Tourism attractions are important things in developing the interpretation program. Tourism attractive analysis using for knowing the attraction index in tourism objects through the potential attractions of the object, scoring and weighting are used to make the analysis easily. Scoring and weighting system for tourism attributes with expertise judgment can generally explain the importance of tourism developing program. Smith (1989) categorized the attractive factors in a tourism site in five main categories, there are:

• Natural Factor

• Cultural and social factor • Historical factor

• Recreational factor

Attractive attraction is the attractiveness of environment that includes beautiful senses in tourism object, and tourism component and supply. Beautiful senses are:

• Vision

The natural beauty of landscape. Examples: farming zone, lakes, and settlement areas.

• Smell

Natural smell coming from the environment (smell of grass, forest, etc).

• Sound

Natural sounds likes water, birds singing, wind, etc. • Taste

Unique taste comes from the attractive objects. Tourism Component & Supply are :

• Natural Resources

Consist of use and the enjoyment of visitors, air and climate, land form, terrain, flora, fauna, water bodies, beaches, and natural beauty scenery.

• Infra Structure

• Transportation and Transportation Equipment 1. Air

2. Motor coach 3. Ship and Boat 4. Rail

5. Taxis

• Hospitality and Culture Resources 1. Activities

2. Shopping

3. Entertainment, Recreation and other 4. Museums

Score is something that stick in object in order to satisfy the needed of people in their life including their needed of beauty. In general, score is an abstract thing depends on logical factors, esthetic, physical and cultural. Gunn (1994) noted that there are many ways for choosing criteria in tourism object. For natural tourism the important things in scoring and choosing criteria are:

• The variety: object with higher variety of biota and ecosystem has important rules in keeping the balancing of environment.

• The delegation: biota formation can be used as the parameter for another special biota’s in another place.

• The originality: the originality of biota and physical • The effectiveness: management aspect

World Heritage Committee criteria can be used for scoring in cultural object in tourism. In this method the criteria for cultural tourism object are:

• Religions system • Social factors • Economic factor • Art

• Language • Tools and

• Education system.

2.6. Geographic Information System

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a particularly horizon technology in the sense that it has wide ranging applications across the industrial and intellectual landscape. For this reason, it tends to resist simplistic definition. GIS stores spatial data with logically linked attribute information in a GIS storage database where analytical function is controlled interactively by a human operator to generate the needed information products (Tomlinson, 2003).

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a specific information system applied to geographic data and mainly referred to as a system of hardware, software and procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation, analysis, modeling and display of spatially-referenced data for solve complex planning and management problems (Burrough, 1998).

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a set of tools that are used for compiling, storing, manipulating, updating, analyze, and present is all data to be spatial information (ESRI, 1990). GIS has four main capabilities to handle geographic reference data, they are: data entry, data management, data manipulate and analyze, and data output (Arronoff, 1989).

GIS is one information system used to working with spatial reference data or geographic coordinate (Star and Ester 1990). Other word, GIS is a system of database with specific capability for spatial reference data with a set of working operation. The capability of GIS if compared with another database processing system is its capability to display spatial and non-spatial information at the same time. For example; land-use data will be able to be presented within polygons boundary (spatial information) and attributes that contain information of polygon (non-spatial information). Information with different themes is represented into different layer coverage. GIS tries to make simple real earth phenomenon, and it is expected to represent real condition for one particular application. (Chrisman, 1996).

In GIS, data storage is divided into 2 parts, they are: spatial and attribute data. For analysis need, spatial and attribute data will be stored separately, and then the both will be integrated (Macguire and Goodchild, 1991). Occasionally, some data derive from remote sensing image will be combined with GIS data storage for implementation particularly goal.

GIS must follow some rules: (1) involving concept and geographic data that have relationship with spatial distribution, (2) information from data analyzed and related with decision making goal, (3) a system that include data entry,

processing, and data output, (4) three components above are functioned based on high technology (Arronoff, 1989).

Figure 2. Stucture of GIS (Malczewski 1999).

Data sources requirement for GIS analysis process generally can be divided into 3 categories (Laurini, 1992),they are: (1). Field data, (2). Map data, which its information has recorded on paper or film that are converted into digital format and (3). Remote sensing involves airborne photo and satellite imagery.

The process from data input become data output is a connecting structure that is started from real world and recorded on image and airborne photo, then by GIS facility, data are stored and processed to generate output that will be used for decision-making in the real world. Procedure of GIS working system is organizing hardware, software, and geographic data to optimize the system of storing, manipulating, analysis and displaying all geographic information. Attribute and

Data Storage and Management

User Interface

Data Output Data Manipulation

and Analysis User

spatial data have relationship with space aspect-location that is presented as database on a map. To acquire spatial analysis result use overlaying technical from some thematic maps (vector or raster). New spatial information is acquired based on new digital value that constitutes an integration of old digital value.

2.7. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)

Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is the study of methods and procedures by which concerns about multiple conflicting criteria can be formally incorporated into the management planning process. Decision analysis looks at the paradigm in which an individual decision maker (or decision group) contemplates a choice of action in an uncertain environment. The decision theory helps identify the alternative with the highest expected value (probability of obtaining a possible value). The theory of decision analysis is designed to help the individual make a choice among a set of pre-specified alternatives. The decision making process relies on information about the alternatives. The quality of information in any decision situation can run the whole gamut from scientifically-derived hard data to subjective interpretations, from certainty about decision outcomes (deterministic information) to uncertain outcomes represented by probabilities and fuzzy numbers. This diversity in type and quality of information about a decision problem calls for methods and techniques that can assist in information processing. Ultimately, these methods and techniques (MCDA, MCDM) may lead to better decisions (Malczewski 1999).

In order to incorporate heterogeneous information with different measurement scales, one has to bring them into a common domain of

measurement. This process is called Standardization, a basic operation in MCE. Criteria should be standardized keeping in mind the goal and alternatives that are under evaluation. Standardization can change the outputs entirely if proper attention is not paid. For environmental criteria, there is a lack of valid and reliable standardization processes (Bunn, 1982).

Decision-making is a subjective process, as the perception regarding a problem can diverge from person to person. One cannot expect a decision maker or an expert to be highly consistent while dealing with such a subjective process. The real world problems are influenced by many natural factors and processes that are difficult to measure and model precisely. After the problem is evaluated for optimum conditions, sensitivity analysis assesses different conditions near the optimum values to check for the sensitivity of the criteria. Many decision-making methods lack a valid approach towards sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis also aids in understanding the interaction between the criteria, dominant criterion and its effect, i.e. the variation in the final results when the weight of that criterion is varied (Keeney and H. Raiffa, 1976).

The true goal in integrated decision-making support is to provide the decision-maker with the ability to look into the future, and to make the best possible decision based on past and present information and future predictions. In the case of sustainable development, this means to be able to predict in advance the risk and vulnerability of populations and infrastructure to hazards, both natural and man-induced. This requires that data be transformed into knowledge and that the consequences of information use, as well as decision-making and participatory processes, be analyzed carefully

A decision involves making a selection from a set of alternative choices. Broadly speaking, a decision-support system (DSS) is simply a computer system that helps to make a decision by leveraging the multi-criteria decision-making model. DSS provide a means for decision-makers to make decisions on the basis of more complete information and analysis (Szidarovszky et al, 1986). Among the main advantages of the use of DSS are the following:

• Increased number of alternatives examined • Better understanding of the business • Fast response to unexpected situations • Improved communication

• Cost savings • Better decisions

• More effective teamwork • Time savings

• Better use of data resources • When Theory Meets Practice

There is a need for approaches that combine available quantitative data with the more subjective knowledge of experts. Decision-theory techniques applied by high-end knowledge professionals have been successfully used for contrasting expert judgments and making educated choices. The multi-criteria decision-making model, by coupling theory and knowledge, provides an analytical approach to expert consultation and is adapted for a variety of technology and business fields aiming at suitability assessments (Lahdelma, 2000).

Particular and important types of DSS are the so-called spatial decision support systems (SDSS). Spatial DSS refers to those decision support systems that combine the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology with software packages for selection of alternatives of location for different activities. GIS provides an important source of tools and techniques, which can usefully be incorporated in a DSS system that makes use of geographic or spatial data. There is a need for approaches that combine available quantitative data with the more subjective knowledge of experts (Jankowski, 1995).

Figure 3. Framework for Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis (Malczewski 1999)

Problem Definition

Recommendation Sensitivity

Analysis Decision Rules

Decision makers- Preferences

Alternatives Decision

Matrix

Constrains Evaluation

Criteria

Intelligence Phase GIS

Choice Phase MCDM/GIS

Design Phase MCDM

2.8. Analytical Hierarchy Process

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) that developed by Saaty, it aims at quantifying relatives priorities for a given set of alternatives on a ratio scales based on the judgment of the decision makers, and stresses the importance of the intuitive judgment of a decision makers as well as the consistency of the comparison of alternatives in the decision making process (Saaty., 1980).

Since a decision maker bases judgment on knowledge and experience, then makers decision accordingly, the AHP approach agrees well with the behavior of the decision maker. The strength of this approach is that it organizes tangible and intangible factors in a systematic way and provides simple solution for the decision makers. In addition, by breaking a problem down in a logical fashion from the large, descending in gradual steps, to the smaller and smaller, one is able to connect, through simple paired comparison judgments, the small to the large.

AHP is a systematic method for comparing a list of objectives or alternatives. It is a comprehensive, logical and structured framework that allows improving understanding of complex decisions by decomposing the problems in a hierarchical structure. The method will be performed based on the three principles of AHP, there are:

• Decomposition of the decision problems • Comparative judgment of the elements • Synthesis of the priorities

In the AHP, elements of problems are compared in pairs with respect to translated from linguistic/verbal forms to numerical numbers.

Table 1. Pair-wise comparison scales for AHP preferences.

Numerical Rating Verbal Judgment of preferences

9 Extremely preferred

8 Very strongly to extremely preferred

7 Very strongly preferred

6 Strongly to very strongly preferred

5 Strongly preferred

4 Moderately to strongly preferred

3 Moderately preferred

2 Equally to moderately preferred

1 Equally preferred

Source: Saaty,1980

AHP uses a quantitative comparison method that is based on pair-wise comparisons of decision criteria, rather than utility and weighting functions. Table above explains of a preference for one criterion versus another using a nine-point scale:

1: if the two elements are equally important

3: if one element is weakly/moderately more important than the other element 5: if one element is strongly more important than the other element

7: if one element is very strongly more important than the other element

9: if one element is absolutely/extremely more important than the other element All individual criteria must be paired against all others and the results compiled in matrix form. If criterion A is strongly more important compared to criterion B (i.e. a value of 3), then criterion B has a value of 1/3 compared to criterion A. Thus for each comparative score provided, the reciprocal score is awarded to the opposite relationship. The AHP technique thus relies on the

supposition that humans are more capable of making relative judgments than absolute judgments.

III. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Time and Location

This research was conducted from September 2007 until Desember 2007, at Malang Regency, East Java.

Figure 4. East Java

3.2. Study Area Profile

Malang Regency is located between 112° 17' 10,90° to 112° 57' 0,00° East and between 7° 44' 55,11° to 8° 26' 35,45° South. Malang is one of regency in East Java Province.

Malang Regency consists of 33 subdistrict with centre of governmental in Kepanjen. Most of areas in Malang Regency are mountain area. This regency has many potential agrotourism that supported by the cold weathers.

The boundaries of Malang regency are:

• North : Jombang, Mojokerto and Pasuruan Regencies • South :Indian Ocean

• West : Blitar and Kediri Regencies East : Probolinggo and Lumajang Regencies

Table 2. Subdistrict in Malang Regency

No Subdistrict Area (ha)

1 Tumpang 7.029

2 Wajak 9.456

3 Poncokusumo 19.688

4 Pakis 5.262

5 Tajinan 3.862

6 Jabung 13.609

7 Ngantang 13.589

8 Pujon 13.054

9 Kasembon 5.562

10 Donomulyo 15.671

11 Sumbermanjing Wetan 23.950

12 Gedangan 16.065

13 Ampelgading 23.950

14 Tirtoyudo 14.196

15 Bantur 15.915

16 Pakisaji 3.868

17 Ngajum 6.021

18 Wonosari 6.095

19 Kromengan 3.971

20 Kepanjen 4.565

21 Gondanglegi 11.186

22 Turen 6.393

23 Sumberpucung 3.657

24 Dampit 13.263

25 Pagelaran 3.902

26 Kalipare 11.582

27 Pagak 9.007

28 Wagir 7.726

29 Dau 6.119

30 Bululawang 4.823

31 Singosari 10.575

32 Karangploso 7.927

33 Lawang 6.008

3.3. Topografi

Malang regency is located in mountain areas and the topographic is directly influenced by Tengger Mountain (East), Kelud Mountain (West), Arjuna and Welirang Mountain (North). Usually a regency that influenced by mountain area is located in periphery or mountain blanket area.

Table 3. Sloping area in Malang Regency

No Slope Subdistric Total Area (ha)

1 0-2% • Bululawang

• Gondanglegi

• Tajinan

• Turen

• Kepanjen

• Pagelaran, and

• Pakisaji

52.607,78

2 2-15% • Singosari

• Lawang • Karangploso • Dau • Pakis • Dampit • Sumberpucung • Kromengan • Pagak • Kalipare • Donomulyo • Bantur

• Ngajum, and

• Gedangan

119.030,80

3 15-40% • Sumbermanjing Wetan,

• Wagir, and

• Wonosari

73.110,72

4 >40% • Pujon

• Ngantang

• Kasembon

• Poncokusumo

• Jabung

• Wajak

• Ampelgading, and

• Tirtoyudo

90.037,70

Malang regency is located between 0-2000 m above the sea level, that showing various kind of topography from low until highland areas. Lowland areas are located in Bululawang, Gondanglegi, Tajinan, Turen, Kepajen, Pagelaran, Pakisaji, Singosari, Lawang, Karangploso, Dau, Pakis, Dampit, Sumberpucung, Kromengan, Pagak, Kalipare, Donomulyo, Bantur, Nganjun, and Gedangan district.

Middle land areas are located in Sumbermanjing Wetan, Wagir, and Wonosari district. Highland areas are located in Pujon, Ngantang, Kasembon, Poncokusumo, Jabung, Wajak, Ampelgading and Tirtoyudo district.

Soil types in Malang Regency are andosol, latosol, mediteran, litosol, alluvial, regosol and brown forest. The total areas for each type are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Soil Type in Malang Regency

No Soil Type Area (ha)

1 Andosol 43.782,42

2 Latosol 86.260,36

3 Mediteran 55.811,30

4 Litosol 69.133,25

5 Alluvial 28.003,25

6 Regosol 45.654,17

7 Brown Forest 6.142,25

3.4. Data Source

Data collection are taken in several methods which are field surveys and document or literature study. Source of data are collected from government institutions there are Dinas Perhubungan dan Pariwisata, Pengelolaan Data Elektronik, Dinas Pertanian, Dinas Bina Marga, Badan Pertanahan, Badan Pusat Statistik, Badan Perencanaan, and Dinas Permukiman of Malang Regency.

Data from field surveys are conducted as the main point in interpretation program. Agrotourism point will get score from field survey data, and it will be continued to interpretation program development. Literature study is also important in comparing the data on the field with the theory.

3.5. Criteria in Scoring for Agrotourism Attraction in Malang Regency

Scoring techniques in agrotourism attractions in Malang Regency are based on survey the existing object and combine with references and literature about the object the attraction of the object. Comparing the potential attraction and uniqueness of the objects also done for analysis. This main goal of these methods is for making concept, strategy, plan and program the tourism attraction in Malang Regency by knowing the priority object in every zone.

Table 5. Criteria for scoring Agrotourism

Criteria Score

General Criteria

Scoring Criteria Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4

Quality and Attractiveness of the Object

The uniqueness or specification of the object that cannot find in another places

Many object found in another places

The object rarely found in another places but not unique enough

The object rarely found in places and unique

The object not found in another places with high uniqueness Quantity of

tourism attraction object

Object not have strong attraction

Object with one attraction

Object with one or two attractions

Object with more than two attraction Historical and Natural value Object without Historical and Natural value Object with weak Historical and Natural value supported with traditional tradition Object with Historical and Natural value supported with traditional tradition Object with strong Historical and Natural value The physical condition of the environmental

Object without environment arrangementand

no places for further development

Object without environment arrangementbut withplaces for further development

Object with environment arrangementbut still have a problem for further development

Object with environment arrangementand good in further development Tourist marketing Tourist scope. Local, regional, national and international

Local Tourist Regional Tourist National Tourist International Tourist Tourism attraction object Visiting Visiting frequency <20.000 tourist/years 20.000-100.000 tourist/years 100.000-500.000 tourist/years >500.000 tourist/years

Accessibility Public transport availability

Not Available Available in limited unit

Available Available in good and comfort conditions The quality of

road

Pathway District Road Sub-Province (Regency) Road

Province Road The easiness to

reach the object

Difficult, need long time, without signs

Difficult, need long time, limited signs

Easy, need long time, with signs

Easy, need short time, with signs Facility Function and

condition of Facility

Bad condition of facility or even no facility at all

There is limited facilities

Enough facilities but not in good function and conditions

Facilities available in good function and conditions Facility

availability

Not available Available in limited unit

Available Available in many variation Capacity of

Facility

Not fulfill for tourist requirement

Less fulfill for tourist requirement

Fulfill some requirement of tourist

Fulfill for tourist requirement Environmental

impact

Impact for social-economic condition in environmental

Negative impact for environmental

Little impact for social-economic Positive impact for the incensement of social-economic Positive impact for the incensement of social-economic and the environment development

3.6. Zoning for Tourism Attraction in Malang Regency

Determination zoning area is a strategy of tourism object developing in Malang regency. There is 5 Zone in Malang Regency (Badan Perencanaan Kabupaten Malang, 2006) :

Table 6. Zoning area in Malang Regency

No. Zone Subdistrict Tourism Services Centre

1 I • Pakis

• Tumpang

• Jabung

• Tajinan

• Wajak and

• Poncokusumo

Tumpang

2 II • Kasembon

• Pujon and

• Ngantang

Pujon

3 III • Donomulyo

• Bantur

• Gedangan

• Sumbermanjing Wetan

• Tirtoyudo and

• Ampelgading

Sumbermanjing Wetan

4 IV • Wonosari

• Wagir

• Dau

• Kepanjen

• Sumber Pucung

• Pagak • Bululawang • Gondanglegi • Kalipare • Kromengan • Pagelaran • Pakisaji • Turen

• Ngajum and

• Dampit

Kepanjen

5 V • Lawang

• Karangploso and

• Singosari

Singosari

Figure 6. Zone in Malang Regency

There are three interpretation alternatives route in every zone. The first alternative is developed by classifying the visited stops based on the object with horticulture (fruits, flowers and vegetables) and non plant (bendungan, waterfall, fishpond, etc) as the agrotourism attraction. Second, is developed by classifying the visited stops based on the object with non horticulture plant and non plant as the agrotourism attraction. The last alternative is developed by visiting all agrotourism objects without classifying the tourism resources.

3.7. Analytical Hierarchy Process

A comparative judgment is needed to select the prioritizing interpretation alternatives route in every zone. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used in this research by setting some required criteria in weighting the priority factors of defined alternatives in pair wise comparisons. These priority weights are obtained by capturing expert perception towards the most preferable alternatives of interpretation route based on certain considerations.

Defined the prioritizing interpretation alternatives route among those three alternatives is become the first level and the goal in this stage. The second level, that contribute to the goal are educational benefits, recreational benefits, and inspirational benefits. In the last or third level are the three alternatives of interpretation routes.

A pairwise comparison is arranged to compare the relative importance of criteria at the second level with respect to the objective or goal at the first level. The criteria used in second level are adopted from the perspective of benefits of interpretation received by individuals, where benefits can be classified as educational, recreational, and inspirational benefits (Knudson, et. al., 1995). Other pairwise also use to compare each alternative at the third level with respect to the criteria at the second level.

Figure 7. Analytical Hierarchy Process to define the Prioritizing Interpretation Alternative Route of Agrotourism in Malang Regency

3.8. Flowchart of Study

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IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Agrotourism Objects in Malang Regency

Agrotourism is tourism with agriculture as an attractive objects, where visitors can do some “farm” activities. It is not always the agriculture object that already became tourism area, but agriculture lands with strong object attractive also called agrotourism site. In Malang Regency there are many agriculture lands with various objects (Table 7). Complete information about the Agrotourism Object in Malang Regency can be seen in Apendix 1.

Table 7. Agrotourism object in Malang Regency

No Agrotourism Object Organizer Location (Subdistrict)

1 Pakis - Sweet Potatoes Local People Pakis

2 Jabung - Sweet Potatoes Local People Jabung

3 Tumpang - Honey Local People Tumpang

4 Tumpang - Taman Burung Jeru PD. Jasa Yasa Tumpang

5 Tumpang - Kelengkeng Local People Tumpang

6 Poncokusumo - Apple Local People Poncokusumo

7 Tajinan - Papaya Local People Tajinan

8 Wajak - Cheese Local People Wajak

9 Kasembon - Vegetables Local People Kasembon

10 Kasembon - Corn Local People Kasembon

11 Ngantang - Durian Local People Ngantang

12 Ngantang - Vegetables Local People Ngantang

13 Bendungan Selorejo Perum Jasa Tirta Ngantang

14 Pujon - Vegetables Local People Pujon

15 Pujon – Corn Local People Pujon

16 Air terjun Coban Rondo Perum Perhutani KPH Unit Jawa Timur Pujon

17 Donomulyo - Melinjo Local People Donomulyo

18 Bantur – Paddy Local People Bantur

19 Gedangan – Cengkeh Local People Gedangan

21 Sbrmanjing Wetan – Chocolate Local People Sumbermanjing Wetan

22 Tirtoyudo - Kesemek Local People Tirtoyudo

23 Ampelgading - Argo Semeru Local People Ampelgading

24 Kalipare – Soybean Local People Kalipare

25 Pagak – Banana Local People Pagak

26 Pagelaran - Salak Suwaru Agribusiness Salaca Group Pagelaran

27 Turen – Corn Local People Turen

28 Dampit – Peanut Local People Dampit

29 Bululawang - Durian Local People Bululawang

30 Gondanglegi – Corn Local People Gondanglegi

31 Kepanjen - Papaya Local People Kepanjen

32 Bendungan KarangKates Perum Jasa Tirta Sumber Pucung

33 Bendungan Sutami Perum Jasa Tirta Sumber Pucung

34 Kromengan – Salak Jambuwer Local People Kromengan 35 Kromengan – Bagelan Coffee PTP. XII Kec Kromengan Kromengan

36 Pakisaji - Sugarcane Local People Pakisaji

37 Wagir – Banana Local People Wagir

38 Ngajum – Cassava Local People Ngajum

39 Wonosari – Coffee Local People Wonosari

40 Dau - Orange Local People Dau

41 Karang Ploso – Vegetables Local People Karangploso

42 Karang Ploso – Corn Local People Karangploso

43 Singosari – Tea Wonosari PTP. XII Kec Wonosari Lawang Singosari

44 Singosari - Avocado Local People Singosari

45 Lawang - Avocado Local People Lawang

These all agrotourism objects are spread in 33 subdisctrict of Malang Regency with various kind of attraction in horticulture plant, non horticulture plant (mainly paddy and second crops) or non plant. Most of them are organized by local people or society around the agrotourism object and also become their living income.

According to the assessment of the entire agrotourism objects in Malang Regency, priority object for each zone within the research area can be acquired. The main goal of these methods is for making concept, strategy, plan and program the tourism attraction in Malang Regency by knowing the priority object in every

zone. Table 8 shown the calculation of assessment for all zones. The complete calculation for each object can be seen in Appendix 2.

Table 8. Score of Agrotourism object in Malang Regency

No Agrotourism Point Total Score

1 Pakis - Sweet Potatoes 135

2 Jabung - Sweet Potatoes 135

3 Tumpang - Honey 230

4 Tumpang - Taman Burung Jeru 195

5 Tumpang - Kelengkeng 135

6 Poncokusumo - Apple 220

7 Tajinan - Papaya 125

8 Wajak - Cheese 225

9 Kasembon - Vegetables 125

10 Kasembon - Corn 125

11 Ngantang - Durian 160

12 Ngantang - Vegetables 125

13 Bendungan Selorejo 235

14 Pujon - Vegetables 250

15 Pujon – Corn 125

16 Coban Rondo Waterfall 240

17 Donomulyo - Melinjo 145

18 Bantur – Paddy 120

19 Gedangan – Cengkeh 145

20 Sbrmanjing Wetan - Fishpond 185

21 Sbrmanjing Wetan – Chocolate 135

22 Tirtoyudo - Kesemek 185

23 Ampelgading - Argo Semeru 165

24 Kalipare – Soybean 125

25 Pagak – Banana 150

26 Pagelaran - Salak Suwaru 200

27 Turen – Corn 120

28 Dampit – Peanut 120

29 Bululawang - Durian 135

30 Gondanglegi – Corn 120

31 Kepanjen - Papaya 125

32 Bendungan KarangKates 205

34 Kromengan – Salak Jambuwer 180

35 Kromengan – Bagelan Coffee 230

36 Pakisaji - Sugarcane 145

37 Wagir – Banana 120

38 Ngajum – Cassava 120

39 Wonosari – Coffee 130

40 Dau - Orange 145

41 Karang Ploso – Vegetables 125

42 Karang Ploso – Corn 125

43 Singosari – Tea Wonosari 330

44 Singosari - Avocado 135

45 Lawang - Avocado 130

Based on the acquired result, the study area is divided by five zones. Zoning method is use the closeness of the areas (subdictricts) in every zone. This method is a strategy of tourism object developing in Malang regency (see map in Figure 6 on page 38).

4.1.1. Zone I

Zone I is consists of Pakis, Tumpang, Jabung, Tajinan, Wajak and Poncokusumo subdistrict, where there are 8 agrotourism points on it. Table 9 shows the score of agrotourism objects in zone I. Agrotourism objects in zone I have various kinds in horticulture (Kelengkeng, Apple, and Papaya), non horticulture (Sweet Potatoes) and non plant attractions (Taman Burung Jeru, Honey and Cheese). According to table 9, it is shown that subdistrict Tumpang with honey as the attractive object has highest score. This object has a unique attraction supporting with good accessibility, facilities, environmental, and promotion.

Table 9. Score of Agrotourism object in Malang Regency Zone I

No Agrotourism Point Total Score

1 Pakis - Sweet Potatoes 135

2 Jabung - Sweet Potatoes 135

3 Tumpang - Honey 230

4 Tumpang - Taman Burung Jeru 195

5 Tumpang - Kelengkeng 135

6 Poncokusumo - Apple 220

7 Tajinan - Papaya 125

8 Wajak - Cheese 225

Figure 8. Agrotourism objects in Zone I

Priority agrotourism object in zone I is subdistrict Tumpang with honey as the attractive object, and the other objects are Wajak – Cheese, Poncokusumo – Apple, Tumpang – Taman Burung Jeru, Pakis – Sweet Potatoes, Jabung – Sweet

Tumpang - Kelengkeng

Tumpang - Honey

Pakis - Sweet Potatoes Tumpang - Taman Burung

Jeru Tajinan -

Papaya

Jabung - Sweet Potatoes

Poncokusumo - Apple Wajak -

Potatoes, Tumpang – Kelengkeng, and Tajinan – Papaya as the supporting objects.

4.1.2. Zone II

Priority Agrotourism object in Zone II ( Kasembon, Pujon and Ngantang subdistrict) is Pujon with vegetables, and the other objects are Bendungan Selorejo, Ngantang – Durian, Air Terjun Coban Rondo, Kasembon – Vegetables, Ngantang – Vegetables and Pujon - Corn as the supporting objects.

Figure 9. Agrotourism objects in Zone II Ngantang -

Vegetables

Coban Rondo Waterfall Pujon -

Vegetables Pujon – Corn

Kasembon - Vegetables

Ngantang - Durian

Kasembon - Corn

Bendungan Selorejo

Table 10. Score of Agrotourism object in Malang Regency Zone II

No Agrotourism Point Total Score

1 Kasembon - Vegetables 125

2 Kasembon - Corn 125

3 Ngantang - Durian 160

4 Ngantang - Vegetables 125

5 Bendungan Selorejo 235

6 Pujon - Vegetables 250

7 Pujon – Corn 125

8 Coban Rondo Waterfall 240

4.1.3. Zone III

Zone III consist of Donomulyo, Bantur, Gedangan, Sumbermanjing Wetan, Tirtoyudo and Ampelgading subdistric. Sumber Manjing Wetan with fishpond is the priority object for this zone. This object has a highest score in all criteria for scoring agrotourism object.

The other objects are Ampelgading – Argo Semeru, Tirtoyudo – Kesemek, Donomulyo – Melinjo, Bantur – Paddy, Sumbermanjing Wetan – Chocolate and Gedangan - Cengkeh, as the supporting agrotourism objects in zone III. Most of agrotourism objects in zone III have attraction in non horticulture plant like melinjo, paddy, cengkeh and chocolate.

Figure 10. Agrotourism objects in Zone III

Table 11. Score of Agrotourism object in Malang Regency Zone III

No Agrotourism Point Total Score

1 Donomulyo - Melinjo 145

2 Bantur – Paddy 120

3 Gedangan – Cengkeh 145

4 Sbrmanjing Wetan - Fishpond 185

5 Sbrmanjing Wetan – Chocolate 135

6 Tirtoyudo - Kesemek 185

7 Ampelgading - Argo Semeru 165

4.1.4. Zone IV

There are 15 subdistricts in Zone IV. Comparing with other zone, this zone has a biggest area because Kepanjen subdistric that located in zone IV is the

Sbrmanjing Wetan - Fishpond Tirtoyudo -

Kesemek

Ampelgading - Argo Semeru

Gedangan – Cengkeh

Donomulyo - Melinjo Bantur – Paddy

Sbrmanjing Wetan – Chocolate

Kromengan - Bagelan Coffee Wagir -

Banana

Pakisaji - Sugarcane

Kepanjen - Papaya Turen - Corn

Dampit - Peanut Bendungan

KarangKates Kromengan - Salak

Pagelaran - Salak Suwaru

Kec. Dau - Jeruk

Wonosari - Coffee Bend.

Sutami

Ngajum - Cassava

Bululawang - Durian

Gondanglegi - Corn Pagak -

Banana

Kalipare – Soybean

government center in Malang regency. Priority Agrotourism object in Zone VI is Kromengan –Bagelan Coffee, and the other objects are the supporting objects. Table 12. Score of Agrotourism object in Malang Regency Zone IV

No Agrotourism Point Total Score

1 Kalipare – Soybean 125

2 Pagak – Banana 150

3 Pagelaran - Salak Suwaru 200

4 Turen – Corn 120

5 Dampit – Peanut 120

6 Bululawang - Durian 135

7 Gondanglegi – Corn 120

8 Kepanjen - Papaya 125

9 Bendungan KarangKates 205

10 Bendungan Sutami 220

11 Kromengan – Salak Jambuwer 180

12 Kromengan – Bagelan Coffee 230

13 Pakisaji - Sugarcane 145

14 Wagir – Banana 120

15 Ngajum – Cassava 120

16 Wonosari – Coffee 130

17 Dau - Orange 145

4.1.5. Zone V

Priority Agrotourism object in Zone V is Singosari with Wonosari tea. This object is well known inside or outside Malang Regency. Various activities in this object are the most attractive things for agrotourism. Singosari and lawang with avocado, Karang Ploso with vegetables, and Karang Ploso with corn are the supporting objects in zone V.

Figure 12. Agrotourism in Zone V

Table 13. Score of Agrotourism object in Malang Regency Zone V

No Agrotourism Point Total Score

1 Karang Ploso – Vegetables 125

2 Karang Ploso – Corn 125

3 Singosari – Tea Wonosari 330

4 Singosari – Avocado 135

5 Lawang - Avocado 130

Singosari – Avocado

Lawang - Avocado Singosari – Tea

Wonosari Karang Ploso –

Corn

Karang Ploso – Vegetables

The potential objects together with the supporting areas are then considered in developing Interpretation Program of Agrotourism in Malang Regency. The areas that are being considered are especially the area with high until low potential quality of tourism. They are especially considered as the stops that will linked by tracks and sequencing the visitor movement.

Tourism Activities based on farm activities

Something special that visitors can do in agrotourism objects is farm activities. Visitor not only visiting the objects but also can directly involving in this objects. Through agrotourism, visitors are expected to get some benefit in educational, recreational and inspirational. They can pick fruit, doing some maintenance in field, and others.

Table 14. Tourism activity in Agrotourism objects

No Agrotourism Object Tourism Attractions

1 Pakis - Sweet Potatoes Enjoying and learn about sweet potatoes 2 Jabung - Sweet Potatoes Enjoying and learn about sweet potatoes 3 Tumpang - Honey Honey production process

4 Tumpang - Taman Burung

Jeru Camping, fishing, enjoying and learn about bird and unique plants 5 Tumpang - Kelengkeng Enjoying and learn about kelengkeng

6 Poncokusumo - Apple Enjoying and learn about apple and it products 7 Tajinan - Papaya Enjoying and learn about papaya

8 Wajak - Cheese Chess production process

9 Kasembon - Vegetables Enjoying and learn about vegetables 10 Kasembon - Corn Enjoying and learn about corn 11 Ngantang - Durian Enjoying and learn about durian 12 Ngantang - Vegetables Enjoying and learn about vegetables

13 Bendungan Selorejo Water ski, parasailing, canoe, golf, fishing, camping, enjoying and learning about guava

14 Pujon - Vegetables Enjoying and learn about vegetables and apple, paralayang, milk production process

15 Pujon – Corn Enjoying and learn about corn

16 Coban Rondo Waterfall Water fall, zoo, medicine plant garden and the laboratories 17 Donomulyo - Melinjo Enjoying and learn about melinjo

18 Bantur – Paddy Enjoying and learn about paddy 19 Gedangan – Cengkeh Enjoying and learn about cengkeh 20 Sbrmanjing Wetan - Fishpond Fishing

21 Sbrmanjing Wetan –

Chocolate Enjoying and learn about chocolate 22 Tirtoyudo - Kesemek Enjoying and learn about kesemek

23 Ampelgading - Argo Semeru Enjoying and learn about vegetables, paralayang 24 Kalipare – Soybean Enjoying and learn about soybean

25 Pagak – Banana Enjoying and learn about banana 26 Pagelaran - Salak Suwaru Enjoying and learn about salak 27 Turen – Corn Enjoying and learn about corn 28 Dampit – Peanut Enjoying and learn about peanut 29 Bululawang - Durian Enjoying and learn about durian 30 Gondanglegi – Corn Enjoying and learn about corn 31 Kepanjen - Papaya Enjoying and learn about papaya

32 Bendungan KarangKates Usually used for PON (Pekan Olahraga nasional) event , sport facilities

33 Bendungan Sutami sport facilities, water ski, parasailing, canoe, etc 34 Kromengan – Salak Jambuwer Enjoying and learn about salak

35 Kromengan - Kopi Bagelan Enjoying and learn about coffee 36 Pakisaji - Sugarcane Enjoying and learn about sugarcane 37 Wagir – Banana Enjoying and learn about banana 38 Ngajum – Cassava Enjoying and learn about cassava 39 Wonosari – Coffee Enjoying and learn about coffee 40 Dau - Orange Enjoying and learn about orange 41 Karang Ploso – Vegetables Enjoying and learn about vegetables 42 Karang Ploso – Corn Enjoying and learn about corn

43 Singosari – Tea Wonosari Tea harvesting, tea production process, hiking, jogging, cycling 44 Singosari – Avocado Enjoying and learn about avocado

45 Lawang - Avocado Enjoying and learn about avocado

Interpretation Program of Agrotourism Site

The tourism gateway and tourism center service are two important things in interpretation program development. It will make tourists or visitors are easier in doing their movement. The linkage of one object with others is also need to be considered in developing the alternatives route.

Tourist or visitors movement usually have certain patterns. These patterns are starting in one point that becomes the concentration point because has easier access than other as well as most complete facilities. This point called tourism gateway and center service at the same time. There are some conditions that make some place become a tourism gateway and center service, such as must have an accommodation facilities at least class a motel, restaurant in good condition, and have a post office as telecommunication facilities (Dinas Perhubungan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Malang, 2006). In interpretation program, scoring method for determined priority object is used to choose starting point each alternative.

There are three alternatives each zone that is developed in this study by using the concept of developing interpretation program. The first alternative is developed by classifying the visited stops based on the object with horticulture and non plant as the agrotourism attraction. Second, is developed by classifying the visited stops based on the object with non horticulture plant and non plant as the agrotourism attraction. The last alternative is developed by visiting all agrotourism objects without classifying the tourism resources.

The interpretation program is used here as the best way to communicate all the potential resources owned by Malang regency area to the visitors, through their first hand experiences with object, attractiveness, landscape or sites they visit

along the track. Those three alternatives are developed based on the same vision of interpretation that is try to explore and communicate the resources with scoring and weighting qualities within agrotourism object in Malang regency.

4.3.1. Interpretation Alternatives Route in Zone I

Interpretation alternatives route are developed based on zone I, which consists of Pakis, Tumpang, Jabung, Tajinan, Wajak and Poncokusumo subdistric. In this zone, subdistric Tumpang is the center of tourism services. The objective of this method is that the visitors can obtain the information from various agrotourism resources and all the attraction, as well as the knowledge besides their recreational experience during their movement.

The potential stops are determined with considering the potential area result from previous analysis together with the existing agrotourism objects. The highest score are prioritized to be potential stop along the track, and also linked to the other objects that have a lower score. There always be specific objective in every object stop, based on the value of the resources that era being interpreted.

In alternative 1, visitor will visit agrotourism objects that concern in horticulture plant (apple, kelengkeng, and papaya), and non plant attractions (honey, cheese, and taman burung Jeru).

Table 15. Objectives during Alternative 1

No Agrotourism Point Objectives

1 Tumpang - Honey

At the end visitor will learn more about honey. How honey is formed, and honey home industry.

2 Wajak - Cheese

At the end visitor will learn more about cheese. Knowing the dairy cattle farm, how to take care of them in case to get good quality of cheese, learn about cheese production process.

3 Poncokusumo - Apple

At the end visitor will learn more about apple (Malus

domestica) field. How exactly apple plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield, to harvest it and learn about various product made from apple and also buy it. 4 Tumpang - Taman

Burung Jeru

At the end visitor will learn more about bird especially Cucak Ijo bird that well known as the fauna mascot for Malang Regency. Visitor also offered by unique plants, camping and playing ground.

5 Tumpang - Kelengkeng

At the end visitor will learn more about kelengkeng (Nephelium longan Camb.) field. How exactly kelengkeng plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield. 6 Tajinan - Papaya

At the end visitor will learn more about papaya (Carica papaya Gaerth) field. How exactly papaya plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield.

Alternative 2 is developing with connection agrotourim objects that concern in non horticulture plant (sweet potatoes) and non plant attractions (honey, cheese, and taman burung Jeru).

Table 16. Objectives during Alternative 2

No Agrotourism Point Objectives

1 Tumpang - Honey At the end visitor will learn more about honey. How honey is formed, and honey home industry.

2 Wajak - Cheese

At the end visitor will learn more about cheese.

Knowing the dairy cattle farm, how to take care of them in case to get good quality of cheese, learn about cheese production process.

3 Tumpang - Taman Burung Jeru

At the end visitor will learn more about bird especially Cucak Ijo bird that well known as the fauna mascot for Malang Regency. Visitor also offered by unique plants, camping and playing ground.

4 Jabung - Sweet Potatoes

At the end visitor will learn more about sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) field. How exactly sweet potatoes plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield, to harvest it and enjoy the various products from sweet potatoes and also buy it.

5 Pakis – Sweet Potatoes

At the end visitor will learn more about sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) field. How exactly sweet potatoes plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield, to harvest it and enjoy the various products from sweet potatoes and also buy it.

Alternative 3 is developing with visiting all agrotourim objects in zone I. With various objects automatically visitors also get various objectives that can enrich their experience in agrotourism.

Table 17. Objectives during Alternative 3.

No Agrotourism Object Objectives

1 Tumpang - Honey At the end visitor will learn more about honey. How honey is formed, and honey home industry.

2 Tajinan - Papaya

At the end visitor will learn more about papaya (Carica papaya Gaerth) field. How exactly papaya plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield.

3 Wajak - Cheese

At the end visitor will learn more about cheese. Knowing the dairy cattle farm, how to take care of them in case to get good quality of cheese, learn about cheese production process. 4 Poncokusumo - Apple

At the end visitor will learn more about apple (Malus

domestica) field. How exactly apple plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield, to harvest it and learn about various product made from apple and also buy it. 5 Tumpang - Kelengkeng

At the end visitor will learn more about kelengkeng (Nephelium longan Camb.) field. How exactly kelengkeng plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield.

6 Tumpang - Taman Burung Jeru

At the end visitor will learn more about bird especially Cucak Ijo bird that well known as the fauna mascot for Malang Regency. Visitor also offered by unique plants, camping and playing ground.

7

Jabung - Sweet Potatoes

At the end visitor will learn more about sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) field. How exactly sweet potatoes plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield, to harvest it and enjoy the various products from sweet potatoes and also buy it.

8 Pakis – Sweet Potatoes

At the end visitor will learn more about sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) field. How exactly sweet potatoes plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield, to harvest it and enjoy the various products from sweet potatoes and also buy it.

All those Agrotourism objects are linked with certain sequence to develop the interpretation track. A track is developed that link one potential stop to the others in or big loop simultaneously, which starts from the location of the existing entrance of zone I and end at the same location.

4.3.2. Interpretation Alternatives Route in Zone II

Interpretation alternatives route are developed based on zone II, which consists of Kasembon, Pujon and Ngantang subdistric. In this zone, Pujon is the center of tourism services. In alternative 1, visitor will visit agrotourism objects with vegetables, durian, honey, cheese and guava as the attractions.

Table 18. Objectives during Alternative 1.

No Agrotourism

Point Objectives

1 Pujon - Vegetables

At the end visitor will learn more about many kind of vegetables field. How exactly the vegetables plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield.

2 Coban Rondo

Waterfall At the end visitor will learn more about herbal plant. 3

Ngantang - Durian

At the end visitor will learn more about durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) field. How exactly durian plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield.

4 Bendungan Selorejo

At the end visitor will learn about guava (Psidium guajava L.) field. Visitors also learn many thing from many activities in fishpond, camping, and sport facilities

5 Ngantang - Vegetables

At the end visitor will learn more about many kind of vegetables field. How exactly the vegetables plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield.

6 Kasembon - Vegetables

At the end visitor will learn more about many kind of vegetables field. How exactly the vegetables plant form, to cultivate it, to give some treatment to increase the yield.

4.4.4. AHP in Zone IV

Table 37. Matrix of Pairwise Comparison for Alternatives Respecting to the Criteria

Educational Benefit

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Priority Vector

Alternative 1 1 2 5 0.595

Alternative 2 0.5 1 2 0.277

Alternative 3 0.2 0.5 1 0.207

Recreational Benefit

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Priority Vector

Alternative 1 1 4 4 0.602

Alternative 2 0.25 1 6 0.302

Alternative 3 0.25 0.16 1 0.207

Inspirational Benefit

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Priority Vector

Alternative 1 1 4 5 0.651

Alternative 2 0.25 1 4 0.254

Alternative 3 0.2 0.25 1 0.187

Table 38. Global Priorities of the Alternatives

Alternatives Educational Benefit Recreational Benefit Inspirational Benefit Priority Vector

1 0.595 0.602 0.651 0.602

2 0.277 0.302 0.254 0.281

3 0.207 0.207 0.187 0.205

Alternative 1 that developed by classifying the visited stops based on the object with horticulture and non plant as the agrotourism attraction still performing the best result in educational, recreational and inspirational benefit.

4.4.5. AHP in Zone V

Table 39. Matrix of Pairwise Comparison for Alternatives Respecting to the Criteria

Educational Benefit

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Priority Vector

Alternative 1 1 1 1 0.328

Alternative 2 1 1 2 0.411

Alternative 3 1 0.5 1 0.483

Recreational Benefit

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Priority Vector

Alternative 1 1 1 1 0.321

Alternative 2 1 1 3 0.454

Alternative 3 1 0.33 1 0.448

Inspirational Benefit

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Priority Vector

Alternative 1 1 2 1 0.400

Alternative 2 0.5 1 3 0.367

Alternative 3 1 0.33 1 0.500

Table 40. Global Priorities of the Alternatives

Alternatives Educational Benefit (0.671) Recreational Benefit (0.243) Inspirational Benefit (0.086) Priority Vector

1 0.328 0.321 0.400 0.332

2 0.411 0.454 0.367 0.418

3 0.483 0.448 0.500 0.476

The result of global priority in zone V is different. Alternative 3 is the most prioritizing interpretation route in this zone. Alternative 3 is developed by visiting all agrotourism objects without classifying the tourism resources. Singosari with Wonosari Tea is one of agrotourism objects visited in alternative 3. This object combine with other objects shows the most prioritizing alternative route because in alternative 1 and 2 only few objects are being visited.

V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1. Conclusion

According to the analysis in agrotourism study, it is known that the agrotourism objects and attraction have a tendency separated in all Malang Regency area. Agrotourism offers some activities that most of it is based on farm activities. These activities can give visitors new experience about agriculture that exactly very important for our life.

Based on Badan Perencanaan Kabupaten Malang, Malang Regency is divided into five zones. Zoning method is use the closeness of the areas (subdictricts) in every zone. This method is a strategy of tourism object developing in Malang regency.

Interpretation program development is really important to easier the visitors in doing their movement. There are three alternatives in each zone that is developed by using the concept of developing interpretation program. The first alternative is developed by classifying the visited stops based on the object with horticulture and non plant as the agrotourism attraction. The second, is developed by classifying the visited stops based on the object with non horticulture plant and non plant as the agrotourism attraction. The last alternative is developed by visiting all agrotourism objects without classifying the tourism resources.

Analytical Hierarchy Process is used to define the prioritizing interpretation alternative route among those three alternatives that become the first level. The second level is used to reach the goal, there are educational benefits,