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BAB III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. The Place and Time of The Study
The research took place at SMA PGRI 56 which locates at Jl. Pendidikan,
Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan, Banten. This research took two months which is
begun from January until February. The data was taken in five meetings included pre-test and post- test.
B. The Research Method
The method of this study is a quasi-experimental research using pre- and posttest design. The researcher used two classes in which one of them was as
experimental class and another was as controlled class. Experimental class was class which got treatment or being taught by using dictogloss and controlled class
was taught by using conventional technique. Both classes were given a pre-test before teaching-learning activity and post-test after teaching- learning activity.
The result of pre-test and post-test from both classes were compared and calculated to find out the effectiveness of dictogloss technique in teaching writing
of descriptive text.
C. The Sample and Population
The population of this research was the students of SMA PGRI 56 Ciputat. Overall, there were six classes, and each of grades consists of just two classes, X1,
X2, XI IPA, XI IPS, XII IPA, XII IPS. In obtaining accurate data, the researcher narrowed the population and take first grade students as the sample. The selection
of sample must be careful. As mentioned by Muijs, in conducting quasi- experimental study, the control and experimental group must be as similar as
possible such as in gender, achievement, or ability.
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X 1 used as experimental class and X 2 used as control class. The sampling technique in this rsearch is by
1
Daniel Muijs. Doing Quantitative Research, London: SAGE Publications, 2004, p.28.
using purposive sampling. Each class consists of 25 students. X 1 was chosen as experimental class because the students have good spirit in learning. But, lack of
background knowledge and inappropriate method make the students low motivated.
D. The Instrument of The Study
In this research, written test is used as a tool to gather information of the students. The test included pre-test and post-test. Gay states that the group that
receives the new treatment is called the experimental group and the group that receives a different treatment or is treated as usual is called control group
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. The test was given for both control and experimental group.
The test made was based on the materials given in the class. The test items were concerned with students’ writing ability. The material was taken from topic
that appropriate to be discussed. Here is the step of pre-test and post-test: 1. Pre-Test
Before applying the technique and giving the treatment, the students both control and experimental class were given the test, it is called Pre-test. Pre-test is
used to know student’s writing skill. The student is given a topic concerning descriptive text “Ancol”. The students were given 60 minutes to arrange
descriptive text by thier own ability. The students are not allowed to check to the dictionary and cheat to other students. This test diagnose students weakness and
background knowledge about descriptive text. 2. Post Test
After giving and treating to the students with dictogloss technique during the research, post-test was held in the end. Both X1 as experimental class and X2 as
controlled class were given Post-test. The students were given 60 minutes to arrange descriptive text by thier own ability. The students are not allowed to
check to the dictionary and cheat to other students. This test is to show whether
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L.R Gay, Geoffrey E. Mills, and Peter Airasian.Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc, 2009. p, 240.
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