15 concern with both the lower needs and higher needs. For example, “self-
actualizers” level 5 in hierarchy of needs who are mainly focused on self- actualization is still motivated to eat level 1 and socialize level 3 and finding
security for the night level 2. Petri 1981, describes more detail about this hierarchy, especially Self-
Actualization and Self-Esteem. He describes Maslow theory of Self-Actualization as the final goal of human action. This level is known as level of personal growth
or fulfillment. There are some characteristics of Self-Actualization, i.e., more efficient and more comfortable with it, acceptance of self, others and nature,
problem centering, independence from culture and environment, sympathy for humankind, and creativity. Self-Actualization motivates people to examine their
abilities and to explore their insight pp. 302-303. According to Maslow
as cited by Petri 1981, “When the self-esteem need are satisfied, one has feelings of self-confidence and self-worth and sees oneself
as having a purpose in the world” p. 302. This quotation shows that someone in this level will have self-confidence and it helps her or him to achieve their goal.
The self-esteem need must be fulfilled by someone before step up to the self- actualization need.
2.2 Theoretical Framework
In doing this study, the writer uses three main theories and two supporting theories in order to guide writer‟s analysis. Those theories are theory of conflict,
theory of motivation and theory of needs. The supporting theories are internal motivation, external motivation, internal conflict and external conflict.
16 Since the focus of writer‟s study is analyzing someone‟s motivation in the
novel, the writer uses a theory of motivation and a theory of needs. In doing this motivation analysis, the writer adopts a theory of needs from Maslow as cited by
Petri 1981 in order to reveal the character‟s motivation, Dawan, in getting education. Meanwhile, the internal and external motivations as supporting theories
w ill guide the writer to find out Dawan‟s motivation. For the conflicts faced by
Dawan, the writer only identifies all the conflicts based on the novel by using a theory of conflict by Kalish 1981.
17
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into three main parts namely object of the study, approach of the study and method of the study. In the object matter, the writer
discusses the object of the study, Minfong Ho‟s novel Sing to the Dawn. In the approach of the study, the writer mentions the approaches for analyzing the novel.
While in the method of the study, the writer discusses the steps in analyzing the novel.
3.1 Object of the Study
The main object of this study is the novel of Minfong Ho‟s Sing to the Dawn.
This novel tells about social realistic problems and education in Thailand. The setting of place and time of the novel is in a rural village in Thailand in the
1970s. It has thirteen chapters and consists of 125 pages. This novel is written by Minfong Ho when she continued her study in Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York. The story of Sing to the Dawn was adapted from the original story of Minfong Ho herself who won the scholarship in rural schoolgirl in Thailand
where she lived. She faced resistance from her families. The writer was born in Ragoon, Burma on January 7, 1951. Ho grew up in both Singapore and Thailand.
She got married in 1976 then she returned to the United States and settled in Ithaca, New York.
