28
C. Research Instruments
There were two kinds of instruments used in this study. 1.
Instrument in data collecting According to Oxford Advanced Learner’ Dictionary Hornby, 1995:952,
questionnaire is a written or printed list of questions to be answered by a number of people, especially as part of a survey. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh
1990:418 as cited in Hanani 2005, a questionnaire is an instrument of the study to gather information through the respondents written responses to a list of
questions. The questionnaire was written in Indonesian language which the purpose was to avoid misunderstanding of students. In this section the researcher
used closed-ended questions so that the answer is appropriate with the researcher wants. This questionnaire is to gain data about the students and the teaching
learning activities. Then, the research problem could be solved accurately. The next instrument was an interview. According to Ary, Jacobs, and
Razavieh 2002:434, the interview is one of the most widely used instruments to gather data on subjects opinions, beliefs, and feelings about the situation.
Interview was conducted by asking questions to the participant face to face. The questions were basically about their opinion about the activity of extracurricular
English Club . The researcher conducted an interview to the English teachers. This
interview would give information about the goal of English Club and also measure the students’ needs in extracurricular English Club.
29
2. Instrument in preliminary testing
The next instrument was questionnaire which was distributed to English teachers and also the lecturer to obtain the evaluation and suggestion. The
researcher asked the teachers and lecturer to evaluate the designed materials. The teachers and lecturer gave comments about the designed materials.
3. Instrument in field testing
In field testing, the researcher distributed questionnaire to ask students responses and suggestion about the implementation of the materials design. The
questions were about whether the designed materials were interesting or not.
D. Data Gathering Technique
The researcher used two kinds of instrument; questionnaire and interview. To obtain the data about the learners needs, the researcher distributed the first
questionnaire to all students of this extracurricular. Then, the researcher conducted an interview to the English teacher who taught them to gain all the data
about materials design for extracurricular English Club itself. After designing the materials, the second questionnaire was distributed to English teachers and a
lecturer. The purpose was to get feedback on the proposed materials design in the form of opinions and suggestions. Based on the evaluation, the researcher made
the revision of the product. After making the revision, the researcher conducted field testing in two meetings and continued by asking the students opinion and
suggestion about the designed materials in the form of questionnaire. Finally, the
30
researcher revised the product based on the students feedback to produce the final product. The following table was the framework of the data needed.
Table 3.1. Table of the Data Needed
Research Question Data Needed
Participants Instrument
1. What does the designed set of materials for
extracurricular English Club in SMP Negeri 1 Muntilan
look like? -students’ characteristic
What is the reason of joining the extracurricular
English Club? When did the students get English
language learning? Do they join English course?
What is the difficulty faced by the students?
What is the obstacle of learning English?
-students’ needs What activities do the students
like? What activity will make the students get
bored? What topics the students want to learn?
What media do the students like? What
method do the students like?
-the goals, topics and general purposes Is the
basic competence well formulated? Are the
indicators well arranged? Are the topics suitable for
teaching speaking? Student
Students Teacher
Teachers And Lecturer
Questionnaire
Questionnaire Interview
Questionnaire
31
-the designed materials Are the tasks well
elaborated? Are the pictures interesting
enough? Does it suit the students’ level? Is Task-
Based Learning developed in the
materials? 2. What are the students’
responses to the implementation of the
designed materials? - Is the topic interesting?
- Is the implementation interesting?
-Do the students enjoy join this course?
-Do the students want to learn English more?
-Are the activities interesting?
-Do the students get bored?
Students Questionnaire
E. Data Analysis Technique
Data analysis is a process to shift, organize, summarize and synthesize the data to arrive at some results and conclusion of the research Selinger and
Shohamy, 1989: 201. Data from questionnaire and interview were analyzed to find out the students’ needs about the activity of this course. The conclusion was
made related to the data gathering. The research questions will be analyzed by using the central tendency. To
get the data about evaluation of acceptable evaluation and materials, the formula would be used: