29 and income source also distinguish
the result and the process of children‘s academic experience.
Haryanta‘s 2010 thesis entitled Student’s Lived Experiences in Learning English at the Vocational School
provides the exemplification of how study of phenomenology in the form of lived experience is done. Meanwhile, the issue is
not basically the same as what the researcher is writing in this research, since Hary
anta‘s thesis is more to general lived experience while the researcher‘s is focusing on the low economy issue. However, the concept of the lived experience
in Haryanta‘s thesis is adaptable for this research. From the research above, this research is basically a follow up research in
which it adapts ideas from those researches in relevance. On certain part, this research will discuss the relation of motivation and communicative language
learning process as also discussed by Kormos and Kiddle 2013. The concept that becomes the basic of the researched issue is that low economy background is
related to learners‘ underachievement causes as stated by Bordieu 1986. To be
underlined, this research, however will not discuss the learners‘ underachievement
like Souriyavongsa 2013 does, but more to describe how they live their English learning process experiences as what is
done in Haryanta‘s 2010 thesis.
C. Framework of Pre-Understanding
The essence is that the theories exposed previously about motivation, awareness, interaction, acquisition, and language learning are set as references to
solve the problems related to the issue low economic in English learning. The English learning process can be affected by various factors and
conditions. Meanwhile the researcher will refer to the participants‘ lived
30 experiences in order to find the appearing indicators of the factors and conditions
which can affect the English learning process. The idea can be seen in the following figure 1.1 below.
Figure 1.1. Framework of Pre-Understanding figure of the Research.
To answer the Research Question: What is the lived-experience of learners with low financial capacity in the English learning process of vocational school
like? The researcher would like to firstly restate that in language learning process
there are aspects and factors that put impact on the process and the result. The conclusion to the RQ answering, based on the
the researcher‘s pre- observation is that some of the students are provided with poor less adequate
facilities in the process of their learning. Meanwhile, any supports to provide the
Lived Experiences
Language Learning Process
Communicative aspects
Factors affecting the language learning process
Communicative Language teaching
Consciousness English Acquisition
Motivation
Awareness Learning
Interaction
Low financial background
31 learners‘ communicative English teaching and learning activity are also in
minimum state, for example classroom seats and tables arrangement, the language laboratory, and even the library facilities. Those conditions can show that the
learning process of learners from low financial capacity is not satisfying enough to the principle of communicative English language learning.
Being concluded in previous discussion that the ideal language learning for vocational education is maintaining the communicative learning and
considering ‗unconscious‘ learning condition through interaction and
communication. From what Tarone and Yule 1989 have stated, the researcher finds that the development of language learning is moving towards more
communicative form rather than focusing on grammar based. In addition to that, Canale and Swain 1980 find those rules grammatical rules useless since
language users are unaware of the rules of language use. Meanwhile, the communicative approach in vocational language learning cannot be successfully
done by ignoring the motivation and awareness improvement of the learners,
which are important.
32
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodology and procedure of the research. The researcher divides this chapter into 3 parts, including 1 research method, 2 data
gathering, 3 data analysis and interpretation.
A. Research Method
This study intends to describe the lived-experience of low financial capacity
learners‘ in learning English in vocational school. This research is a phenomenology research which employs qualitative approach. According to
Patton 2002 phenomenology focuses on exploring how human beings make sense of experience and transform experience into consciousness.
Creswell 2007 says that a phenomenology study describes the meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon. In
other words, it can be said that in this term, lived experience is associated with concept based on the actual events that happen
in individual‘s life. Van Manen 1990 says that phenomenology describes how one orients to lived experience.
This phenomenology method allows the researcher to capture the student‘s
own experience. It is an attempt to understand the phenomenon and to answer the main research question. This is due to the fact that English education still faces
many problems related with some factors.
