Phenomenology Method Research Method

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1. Phenomenology Method

Qualitative research is also considered as phenomenological or hermeneutical study. It is called phenomenology research because it is a descriptive study of lived experience phenomenon in the attempt to enrich lived experience by digging for its meaning. Meanwhile it is also called hermeneutics because it is the interpretive study of the expressions and objectifications texts of lived experience in the attempt to determine the meaning van Manen, 1990. This study attempted to explore vocational school learners who come from low financial capacity in learning English. The researcher does not know whether the learners can or cannot reach the minimum standard score which is standardized by the school. Therefore, this study tries to explore the participant‘s experiences, awareness, motivation, acquisition and facilities in learning English. Therefore, this study tries to explore the studied phenomenon, the low financial capacity learners of English learning through any information from interviews, classroom observation and field notes, document checks, and re-interview. This information is used to find out the lived-experience of English learning process to learners with low financial capacity. This work had to meet validity and reliability. Validity refers to measurements of what it intends to measure Cohen, Manion and Marisson, 2000. Cresswell and Miller 2000 add that ―validity is used to suggest determining whether the findings are accurate from the standpoints of the researcher, the participants, and the reader of a n account‖. Then related to reliability Creswell 2003 stated that it is about examining stability or 34 consistency of responses. However, reliability plays minor role in qualitative inquiry. The researcher explored the experiences through interviews using a guideline of the questions. In order to meet the validity, the researcher applied a guideline which derives from some theories and previous researches. To gain the reliability, the researcher then tried to have cross-check to the teachers or conduct re-interviews. Using sources of data, hopefully, this research would meet the validity. Specifically, this study intends to find out the answer of what the lived- experience of English learning process to learners with low financial capacity is. This study aims to build empathic understanding to the researcher and also all readers to low financial capacity learners. This study also attempts to build the participants‘ higher awareness and motivation in learning English, then the higher acquisition or achievement later.

2. The Researcher’s Lived Experience