Lived Experience Research Theoretical Review

25

3. Lived Experience Research

Phenomenological human science begins in lived-experience and eventually turns back to it van Manen, 1990. It means that lived experience becomes the basic of phenomenology human science. In addition, van Manen 1990 states that ―the aim of phenomenology is to transform lived experience into a textual expression of its essence …‖ In this context of lived experience research, the oral text which is derived from the interview would be transformed into written texts. Dickie 1999 states that there is the underlying assumption that we can learn from other people‘s lived experiences, and can even relate to the similarities or differences between our life worlds. The process of deepening our understanding begins with the phenomenological or descriptive element. According to Epstein 1997, phenomenology means the meaning of the lived universal life experience at any given moment or instant of its occurrence. In other words, it can be asserted that the purpose of phenomenological research is to find out the meaning of the lived experience of certain phenomena through analysis of the research subjects‘ description. Moreover, lived experiences gather hermeneutic significance as the researcher reflectively gathers them by giving memory to them van Manen, 1990. It means that the process of learning can be significant in result through lived experience by the effect of remarkable things that happens around the learners who experience the process. Van Manen 1990 added that to do phenomenological research is to question something phenomenological and it is also addressed by the questions what something is really like. In this context of 26 the study, the question is: What is the lived-experience of learners with low financial capacity in the English learning process of vocational school like? The essence of the phenomenology and lived experience term is that the textual result of a research is gathered from non-text data oral interview or visual observation. in order to imply meaningful reflections.

4. English in Vocational School