38 The researcher could determine whether the participants met the requirement as
learners who experience English learning under economy hardships or not after the researcher conduct small interview with an English teacher and the headmaster
of SMK Putratama Bantul, and also from documents checking.
B. Data Gathering
This section shows the steps of how the researcher collected the data and how the researcher presented the data. The techniques used in this research were
in depth-interview, classroom observation, and document checks. Since the main instrument to gather the data is interview, it will be guided
by making the interview blueprint first based on construct definition, categorization, and derivation of indicators. The blueprint components in the low
financial capacity students‘ experience in learning English are accommodated by
some aspects like their motivation, awareness, acquisition and facilities of learning English. Furthermore, the process of in-depth interview which is based
on open ended questions will be be conducted by widen its investigative questions in order to reveal their meaningful lived experiences. Each component has several
indicators and actualized into interview questions to get the participants‘
description through in-depth interview.
1. The Nature of Data
The nature of the data was narrative texts obtained from in-depth interview data result. Meanwhile, observation data was obtained during their learning-
teaching process in the classroom.
39 In this research, the main data is the description of learners‘ lived
experience in learning English under the low financial factor. Both the source and the object of phenomenology research are the world of lived experience van
Manen, 1990. He also states that to gather or collect data, the researcher uses spoken interview and close observation. This is later followed by document
checking taken from the interview and observation process.
2. Data Sources
The sources of the data are three participants; one boy and two girls from grade X of the vocational high school who come from low socioeconomic
capacity, as they already have experienced learning English since junior high school, and they still have chances to gain more English in the following grade.
The researcher determined three participants through document check, classroom observation, and short interview with the teacher.
The reason that the researcher chooses a boy as the participant is as a representation of the male learner as gender reference. Meanwhile, the two girls
are chosen based on the researcher‘s personal experience that the learner can
communicate to women in a comfort manner, since it will be helpful to share certain depth of their experience, as well as they are expected to be able to
represent the female learners as the gender reference. The class observation is used to investigate the English language teaching
and learning methods and strategies being used in the classroom. Through this class observation the researcher also observes the participants activity and
responses in the classroom. Meanwhile, recorded in-depth interviews are used to maintain the source validity and clearness, and to help me understand the
40 information they share better, as also suggested by van Manen 1990 that it may
serve as a resource for developing a richer and deeper understanding of human phenomenon.
3. Data Gathering Instruments
