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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study.
English is a world language that is learned and spoken internationally. English as a world language is not only characterized by the number of its native
and second language speakers, but also its geographical distribution and in diplomatic relation. As stated by Albert C. Baugh and Thomas Cable in “A
History of the English Language ”:
The number of speakers who have acquired English as a second language with near native fluency is estimated to be between 350 and 400 million. If
we add to first and second language speakers those who know enough English to use it more or less effectively as a foreign language, the
estimates for the total number of speakers range between one and one and a half billion 2002: 5.
Though in Indonesia English is still a foreign language, some people master English and use English as the second language. Since people begin to
aware of the importance of English, more people nowadays try to learn and introduce English to children earlier than several years ago. The ability of
speaking English helps people to speak effectively with people around the worlds. As stated by Burton;
Language is fundamentally social – it’s one of the most important tools
that human beings have to interact each other. Language not only communicates thought and ideas, it also communicates which part of
society a person belongs to Burton, 2012:152.
Indonesian people actually speak Indonesian as the national language and some of them also master their local language. The ability of
speaking English enriches their language and reveals bilingualism and multilingualism in the society. Bilingualism in the individual results from a
person’s contact with two or more languages. Multilingualism comes about when speakers of different languages are brought together within the same
political entityHoffman, 1991:157.The fact is the ability of speaking more than one language not only reveals bilingualism and multilingualism, but also allows
people to mix the codes whenever they speak. The phenomenon of using two or more codes in the same topic is called code mixing. As stated by Wardaugh, code
mixing occurs when a conversant uses both languages together to the extent that they change from one language to the other in the course of a single utterance
Wardaugh, 1992:106. From the definition, it can be concluded that code mixing occurs to people who master more than one language and mix the codes in the
conversations. Code mixing is commonly found in bilingual and multilingual
communities. Code mixing not only occurs in formal and non-formal speech but also in written texts such as magazines, tabloids, newspapers, and so on. In an
informal conversation code mixing can occur quite frequently. As stated by Hoffmann:
Children tend to mix more if they are frequently exposed to mixed speech. And both children and adults appear to mix and switch more when they are
in each other’s company than when talking to monolinguals – indeed, they may well have their reasons for such linguistic behavior, such as signaling
group identity to outsiders or solidarity to other group members, or expressing a shared experience Hoffman, 1991:95.
On the other hand, in a formal speech situation code mixing can occur less frequently because of the factors relating to prestige, language loyalty, and
formality. Related to this study, code mixing becomes an interesting topic to be discussed because code mixing represents phenomenon of language in the society.
This study is focused in the using of code mixing in a talk show as a semi-formal situation. Then, the data have been collected from the utterances included code
mixing used by Indonesia’s Marine and Fishery Affairs Minister Susi Pudjiastuti
as seen in Mata Najwa talk show.
B. Problem Formulation
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