requires good control of both codes. By switching two or more codes, the speaker conveys affective meaning as well as information.
As stated before, the phenomenon of code mixing is the result of bilingualism occurs in society. The ability to speak more than one language
influences the way people to communicate to each other. The code that is used by the speaker depends on some factors, such as participant, topic, or place. Hoffman
stated that: In an informal speech conversation between people who are familiar with
each other and have a shared educational ethnic and social-economic background, code switching can occur quite frequently. On the other hand,
in a formal speech situation between persons who have little in common code-switches may be avoided because factors relating to prestige,
language loyality and formality influence the language behavior in such a way as to concentrate the mind of the speaker on trying to approximate or
keep to monolingual standards 1991: 113.
3. Borrowing
Code mixing is different with borrowing. According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary borrowing word or loan word is a word from another
language used in its original form 2010: 905. Borrowing contains a restricted set of expression and practically represents vocabulary and grammar of other
language. As stated in Introduction to Bilingualism, Grosjean 1982 uses the term “language borrowing” to refer to terms that have passed from one language to
another and have come to be used even by monolinguals Hoffmann, 1991: 102. Here are some example given by Grosjean 1982: 308 to illustrate the difference
between code mixing and borrowing: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
a. „ça m‟ étonnerait qu‟on ait code-switched autant que ça‟
b. „ça m‟ étonnerait qu‟on ait code-switché autant que ça‟
Hoffmann, 1991: 111-112 Both sentences have the same meaning; I can‟t believe that we code switched as
often as that. As stated in Introduction to Bilingualism, Grosjean stated that borrowing involves morphological adoption, while code switching or code
mixing does not Hoffmann, 1991: 111. The first sentence contains code mixing because the word code-switched used the past participle of English language,
while the second sentence contains borrowing because it is adapted from French. To define whether it is code mixing or borrowing word, it depends on the
main language used by the speaker. For example; Aku membeli radio baru minggu lalu.
I bought a new radio last week. The example shows that it uses Indonesian as the main language. If the example is
a written sentence, it does not contain code mixing because radio is an Indonesian word. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia also proves that the word radio is an
Indonesian word. Though the word radio is not classified as code mixing, it can be classified as a borrowing word which is borrowed from English. If the example
is an utterance, it depends on how the speaker pronounced the word radio. If the speaker pronounced it as ra·dio, it means the speaker used Indonesian. If the
speaker pronounced it as ˈ reɪ dɪ əʊ , it means the speaker mixed the utterance
with English word. Though in English the word radio is a borrowing word, since PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
the speaker used Indonesian as the main language, the word radio is classified as a code mixing.
4. Types of Code Mixing
