Figure 2.3: Framework of Pre-understanding
Trends of Research on Attitude and Related Learning Factors in English Education
English Educational Research Reports Published in 2007 to 2016
Topics on attitude and related learning factors motivation, perception, belief, learning style and learning strategy
80 were conducted in Indonesia, 10 from ECC, 10 from OCC and ICC
Content
Manifest Content Research Trends Pre-determined Categories:
Investigated topic Concept clarification
Related topic Origin
Participant Goal
Method Data gathering instrument
Data analysis technique Sampling
Validation Result
Latent Content The relation between research trends and the concept of
attitude in Competence based Learning as practiced in 2013 Curriculum
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter is intended to provide details explanation on how this research was designed and conducted. It consists of several sections namely 1
research goals and method, 2 nature and sources of data, 3 instruments, 4 data gathering, 5 data analysis and presentation, and 6 validity.
A. RESEARCH GOALS AND METHOD
This research aims to reveal the trends of research on attitude and five related learning factors namely motivation, perception, belief, learning style and
learning strategy in English education. To achieve the goal, the researcher
investigated the content of English educational research reports which deal with these topics. The content covers investigated topic, concept clarification of the
topic being analyzed, related topic, origin, participant, research goal, method, data gathering instrument, data analysis technique, sampling technique, validation
technique and research result. In attempt to achieve the goal, the researcher employs content analysis as
the research method. Rose, Spinks and Canhoto 2015 state that content analysis is a research method which focuses on finding both manifest and latent content of
data. Manifest content refers to the results of counting the occurrence of data. As it deals with numerical analysis, quantitative technique is applied. Latent content,
on the other hand, is the meaning behind the manifest content. In other words, the analysis involves interpretation in which qualitative technique usually deals with.
In short, this content analysis research employs both quantitative and qualitative techniques. As claimed by Wimmer and Dominick 2011, the goal of
quantitative content analysis is an accurate representation of a large number of meaningful data. Mayring 2000: 3 mentions that “qualitative content analysis
wants to preserve the advantages of quantitative content analysis for a more qualitative text interpretation”.
Quantitative technique in this research was used to discover the research trends.
It was done by calculating the occurrences of research contents. The results of this calculation is called manifest content. Meanwhile qualitative
technique was employed to reveal the relation between the research trends and Competence-based Learning, particularly concerning the concept of attitude as
practiced in 2013 Curriculum. The analysis was carried out through interpreting the research trends based on the theory of attitude in Competence-based Learning.
The result of this qualitative analysis is called latent content. Thus, trends of research on attitude and related learning factors in English education concerning
the concept of attitude in Competence-based Learning can be best depicted through this research method.
B. NATURE AND SOURCES OF DATA
The data sources of this research are English educational research reports which are collected from open sources. Meanwhile the data of this research are
