is revealed that the studied research reports employed various types of research
method which are presented in Figure 4.5.
Figure 4.5: Research Design and Methods
Basically, research can be categorized into quantitative and qualitative in nature. Each of these two general methods consists of several types of research
design. However, combining the two methods has become more common as it enables the researchers to achieve richer findings. This kind of method is termed
as mixed method. Regarding to this study, as seen in the Figure 4.5, the studied research
reports had applied various types of research design and method. There are 12 types found. However, several types of research design and method had become
9.7 1.9
7.8 6.8
14.6 15.5
1.9 6.8
1.9 17.5
6.8 8.7
Experimental Ex-Post Facto
Survey Correlation
Descriptive Qualitative Case Study
Grounded Theory Action Research
Ethnography Quantitative
Qualitative Mixed
English educational researchers ’ preference in conducting research on attitude and
related learning factors. Among 12 types, quantitative method has the highest result with 17.5 as it was found in 18 research reports. It is followed by case
study with 15.5 applied in 16 researches and descriptive qualitative with 14.6 used in 15 researches. Other types of research design and method which
receive similar results are experimental 9.7 or 10 researches, mixed method 8.7 or 9 researches, survey 7.8 or 8 researches and the three of correlation,
action research, and qualitative which get the same result 6.8 or 7 researches. Other types of research design and method which were used within the studied
research reports are ex-post facto, grounded theory and also ethnography. The three of them also receive the same result as each of them was applied solely in
two researches or 1.5 of occurrence. These results indicate that research on these topics are diverse that English educational researchers can utilize any
methods within their research.
8. Data Gathering Instrument
Data gathering instrument within a research has played an important role as it is used to collect the data. Quantitative and qualitative method usually have
different instruments to collect the data. In conducting research, it is common to use more than one instrument in order to get richer data. Considering that the
studied research reports employed various types of research design and method, the type of data gathering instrument varies as well. The findings are presented in
the following figure. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Figure 4.6: Data Gathering Instruments
Figure 4.6 illustrates the use of data gathering instrument within the 100 research reports. In conducting research, it is common to use more than one type
of data gathering instrument in order to obtain more reliable and valid data. From the figure above, there are seven types of instrument found from the studied
research reports. Nonetheless, the majority of the research reports utilized questionnaire as the data gathering instrument. There are 67 researches or 37.9
which used this instrument to obtain the data of their research. As much as 27.1 or 48 researches are found to use interview. Different from questionnaire which is
known to be used in quantitative research, interview is commonly used within qualitative research. With a small difference of result, observation with 14.7 of
occurrence and test with 12.4 of occurrence emerge as the next instrument
37.9 27.1
14.7 12.4
5.1 1.7
1.1
Questionnaire Interview
Observation Test
Document Survey
Discussion
chosen by researchers to obtain data for research on attitude and related learning factors. Meanwhile document, survey and discussion were employed as well, even
though only in a small number of occurrence.
9. Data Analysis Technique
In terms of data analysis technique, quantitative and qualitative are two common types of analysis researchers usually employ. But, some researchers were
found to combine both quantitative and qualitative which is termed as mixed analysis. Furthermore, the use of quantitative analysis leads to the implementation
of statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, ANOVA, regression, correlation and so on. The results of data analysis techniques used in the studied
research reports are presented in the following figure.
Figure 4.7: Data Analysis Techniques
33.6 3.5
2.7 2.7
0.9 0.9
0.9 6.2
1.8 1.8
0.9 31.9
12.4
Descriptive Statistics ANOVA
Tukey Cronbachs Alpha
Regression T-Test
Rasch Correlation
Mann-Whitney Factor Analysis
U-Test Qualitative
Mixed
