Figure 4.4: Participants
Figure 4.4 shows the types of participant found within the studied research reports. As seen in the figure, English educational research on attitude and related
learning factors had involved various types of participant. Those researches have been conducted on both teacher or lecturer and student from various level of
education. There are nine types of participant found from the studied research reports. However, among the types of participants presented in Figure 4.4,
university student appears as the most common type of participant. Meanwhile, other categories receive less than 20 of occurrence. Through the huge difference
it can be stated that there is a tendency of English educational researchers to choose university student as the research subject instead of other types of
participant. English teacher which appear in 20 research reports or 18 of occurrence and high school student which is found in 16 research reports or
14.4 of occurrence, are the next types of participant which become the
6.3 14.4
3.6 46.8
1.8 18
0.9 4.5
3.6
Elementary School Student High school Student
Vocational School Student University Student
English Course Student English Teacher
Native English Teacher Pre-service Teacher
Lecturer
researchers ’ preference. Furthermore, pre-service teacher, vocational high school
student, lecturer, English course student and native English teacher are five other types participant which receive a low percentage of appearance and there is a
small difference in terms of result.
6. Research Goal
Goal is a crucial and inseparable component in conducting research. Through research goal, readers will know what a research tries to achieve.
Furthermore, it somehow determines what kind of data the researcher should obtain. Indeed, data types also determines what kind of instrument to use. In short,
providing clear goal in a research is necessary as it defines other research attributes such as those mentioned.
Regarding to this research, considering the various investigated topics presented in Figure 4.1 and related topics in Figure 4.2, indeed, the research goals
found from the 100 research reports also varied. Moreover, some of them were found to have more than one research goal. However, it was also found that
several researches highlighted similar goals. Therefore, to make it easy to understand, the researcher made some generalizations. The generalizations
resulted in several classifications of research goals which are presented in the following table.
Table 4.2: Research Goals
Code Research ProblemGoal
Total Percentage
RG01 To find out the students
’ attitude towards English teaching and learning motivation to learn English,
learning process, material, teacher, students, method, assessment, test
20 17.5
RG02 To find out the validity and reliability of attitude
assessment 1
0.9 RG03
To find out the implementation of teaching method in improving students
’ motivation to learn English 9
7.9 RG04 To know the participants
’ motivation in learning English 9
7.9 RG05
To know the correlation among attitude, motivation and English achievement
8 7.0
RG06 To know the participants
’ belief towards English teaching and learning learning process, material, teacher, method,
assessment, test 12
10.5 RG07
To find out the correlation among belief and learning strategy, and classroom practices
3 2.6
RG08 To find out the participants
’ perception towards English teaching and learning learning process, material, teacher,
task, method, assessment, test 25
21.9 RG09 To find out students
’ learning style in learning English 6
5.3 RG10
To know the correlation between learning style and students
’ English achievement 1
0.9 RG11 To find out the students
’ strategy in learning English 12
10.5 RG12
To find out the use of teaching method to improve students
’ confidence in learning English 1
0.9 RG13
To find out students ’ preferences in learning English
language use and assessment 2
1.8 RG14
To improve participants ’ creativity in English teaching
and learning 2
1.8 RG15
To find out students ’ tolerance in the context of English
teaching and learning 1
0.9 RG16
To find out students ’ honesty in the context of English
teaching and learning 1
0.9
Total 114
100
The researcher had classified the research goals found from the studied research reports into 16 categories which were derived from 11 investigated
topics. Three goals for conducting research on attitude are stated in RG01, RG02 and RG05. The majority of conducting research on attitude was to find out the
