4. Social Interest
Adler argues that “social interest is an attitude of relatedness with humanity in general, as well as empathy for each member of the human
race” Feist, 1985: 71. It means that human being was created for mutual need between one another because they assume that their relationship is
for social purposes rather than for personal importance. Adler also states that “social interest does not emerge automatically
but needs to be consciously developed”. It also “has to be nourished to
fruition through proper guidance and training” Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992: 148. It means that acquisition innate and developmental processes are
two components which achieved in social interest.
5. Style of Life
Adler states that “everything we do is shaped and directed by our unique life style; it determines which aspects of our environment we will
attend to and which aspects we will ignore” Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992: 145.
Adler also states that “style of life refers to the flavor of person’s life. It includes not only the person’s goal, but also self concept, feeling
toward others, and attitude toward the world. It is the product of the interaction of heredity, environment, goal of success, social interest, and
creative power” Feist: 2006: 78.
Adler Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992: 146 maintains four types of life- style attitudes:
a. The Ruling Type
In this type, people possess a dominating attitude toward the outside world and confront the major life tasks in a hostile,
antisocial manner. b.
The Getting Type This type shows how people relate to the outside world.
People’s main concern in life is getting as much as possible from others. It is depending on the other to satisfy most their
need. Adler means that “they possess a low degree of activity, however they are
not likely to hurt others” Feist, 1985: 75. c.
The Avoiding Type This type shows that they are characterized by an attitude of
avoidance. Feist argues that “their life is marked by the socially useless behavior of running away from the task of life” Feist,
1985: 76. In other words, people have neither sufficient social interest nor activity to solve their own problems. Their goal is
to sidestep all problems in life, thereby avoiding any possibility of failure.
d. The Socially Useful type
Person with this type expresses a genuine concern for and fellowship with other people. Adler states that “efforts to solve
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