Research Instrument RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. Observation In this case, the writer observed the students during teaching and learning process. There are two types of observation sheets that are used: structural and opened observation. Structural observation used in order to get the deep information about students activity related to their motivation, participation, and achievement in learning reading. However, opened observation used to describe any additional information that was not listed in structural observation. In opened observation the researcher used journal as a tool to collect the real situation that occurs in the class during teaching and learning process. 2. Questionnaire The questionnaire will be given to the third grade students of Science Class at SMA Fatahillah Jakarta. The researcher used pre-questionnaire in order to know students’ responses toward their teaching and learning process of reading text before the implementation determined technique. On the other hand, post- questionnaire is given to measure the improving students’ reading comprehension in discussion text after applying Students Team Achievement Division STAD technique. 3. Test The test used in this research was pre-test and post-test. The researcher used pre- test in order to know the students’ reading score before implementing STAD technique. Meanwhile post-test was held after the implementation of STAD technique. It is used to identify the improvement of students’ understanding in discussion text after implementing determined technique.

H. Technique of Data Analysis

In order to obtain the result of this research, the writer conducted some analysis which consists of: 1. Qualitative Analysis The process of analyzing qualitative data is based on observation data and questionnaire data. In this case, the researcher collected the data that have gathered and all data was interpreted in order to ease in categorizing and formulating the hypothesis. In addition, rating scale table and observation of students’ activity during teaching learning process were used in this research. Here is the blueprint of rating score: Table 3.3 The Blueprint of Rating Score in Observation Rating score Quality 5.0 Bad 5.0 —6.9 Enough 7.0 —8.9 Satisfactory 9.0 —10 Good Based on the blueprint of rating score above, there are 4 grade of rating score started from 5.0 to 10. In each rating score has its own quality: 5.0 described the quality of bad, 5.0 —6.9 described the quality of enough, 7.0—8.9 described the quality of satisfactory, and the last 9.0 —10 described the quality of good. 2. Quantitative Analysis The process of analyzing quantitative data is based on students’ test score by using a simple statistic. The formula is as follow: 4  To know the mean score of students’ reading score in one cycle. The researcher used this formula: X = Σ x N Explanation: X : average score X: Individual score N: number of students  To know the class percentage, the writer uses the formula: P = F x 100 N 4 Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistika Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p. 81.