2. Research Design The Classroom Action Research CAR procedure used in this research is
Kurt Lewin’s design. It consists of two cycles in which each cycles contains four phases: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.
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Figure 3.1 Kurt Lewin’s Action Research Design
3. Procedure of CAR
The Classroom Action Research using Kurt Lewin ’s design consists of four
phases within one cycle, those are: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. After accomplished the first cycle, it will be probably found a new problem or
unfinished problem yet. Therefore, it is essential to continue to the second cycle with the same concept as the first cycle. So that, based on the experience and
outcome in the first cycle, the researcher will follow the planning, acting, observing, and reflecting phases in the second cycles. It is because the best cycle
is commonly occurs more than two cycles. Here are the explanations of what happens in every phase:
a. Planning Phase After identifying and diagnosing students’ reading problem occurred in the
class proven by the result of observing and questionnaire, and then based on the finding, the writer make some planning. The following activities in this planning
phase are designing lesson plan, determining technique, preparing materials and media, and determining criteria of success.
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Ibid., p. 20.
Observing Planning
Reflecting Cycle
Acting
The organized planning will be formed into lesson plan based on the syllabus used. Then, the lesson plan will be implemented in the third grade students of
Science Class at SMA Fatahillah Jakarta. The researcher also prepared the post- test 1 to collect the data of cycle 1. The purpose of post-test 1 was to know
whether there are some improvements on the students’ score achievement from the pretest to post-test or it was not.
b. Acting Phase In the acting phase all of what had been planned in the previous phase was
conducted in the real action. The deeper concentration of the issue of the research also began here. In the first meeting the researcher gave pre-
test to know students’ achievement in reading discussion text. Then in the next
meeting, students’ problems were analyzed and tried to be solved by using the determined strategy,
Students Team Achievement Division Technique, in teaching reading of discussion text. The researcher took the action phase during two weeks within two
cycles in which each cycle consists of three meetings in action.
c. Observing Phase In this phase, writer carried out observation toward implementation of the
action using direct monitoring by seeing the action. The observer notice and note all of the activities which are found during the teaching and learning process, such
as: students’ response, teacher performance, class situation, students’ participation and achievement. Observer also collected the data derived from post-test. The
purpose of this phase was to know the changes made by the implementation of the action toward the subject of the research.
d. Reflecting Phase In reflecting phase, the researcher reflects and review the result of the action
based on the data that have been gathered from the previous phase. In the other word, the purpose of this phase is to evaluate students’ progress in their
understanding of reading discussion text after taught by using Students Team
