Explanation: P: the class percentage F: the frequency of students who passed the KKM
N: number of students.
I. Trustworthiness
After collecting and analyzing data, the researcher need to make sure that the findings and interpretations are accurate. The accuracy of the findings is important
in qualitative research since in qualitative research the word bias is do not typically used by the researcher. Thus, there are a set of procedures to help ensure
that the standards of trustworthiness would be met. For validity credibility, this research used three terms: peer debriefing and triangulation.
5
1. Peer debriefing Researcher also checks her finding by exposing the result of the study in the
form of analytical discussion with her friends and her academic advisor. The friends chosen in this section were competent in terms of teaching and learning,
especially reading skills, and had applied the research methodology used in this study. In addition, the researcher also consulted the result findings with her
academic advisor in order to check the validity and the reliability of them. In discussing it, the writer got many feedbacks and guidance toward the result
finding that should be, and all of the data was analyze and studied which later become the consideration for clarifying the interpretation.
2. Triangulation Triangulation is the process of corroborating evidence towards finding,
analyzing, and interpreting data that comes from different individuals that consists of teacher and students, types of data that consists of observation, questionnaire,
and test, or methods of data collection that consists of observation, questionnaire, and test. This ensures that the study will be accurate because the information
draws on multiple sources of information, individuals, or processes. In this study,
5
Catherine Marshall, Designing Qualitative Research, United States of America: Sage Publication, Inc., 2011, p. 40.
the researcher triangulate by gathering data from multiple sources and through multiple methods.
6
The writer gathering data from multiple sources in order to compared and recheck the degree of validity of the information obtained through different time
and instrument. This was done by doing some activities as follow: first is comparing the result of the test with the result of questionnaire. Second is
comparing what participant said in public and what is done in private. Third is comparing the result of the observation and the result of the test. Last is
comparing the result of the test, questionnaire, and observation with the related document.
Then, the writer also triangulated this study by using multiple method through two strategies, as follow: first is by checking the degree of validity of the result
finding of the research with data collecting procedures. Second is by checking the degree of validity of multiple sources of data with the same method.
J. Technique of Drawing Conclusion
Before deciding about the conclusion, the researcher calculated and interpreted or discussed the finding. The conclusion can be drawn based on
considering: 1. If student can achieve the individual mastery learning learning passing
grade. Based on standard of KTSP Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan which was adopted for third grade students in SMA Fatahillah, the score
minimum criterion in English subject is 75. 2. If there are 85 or more number of students in determined class XII IPA has
passed the passing grade. This term is called classical. The formulation in calculating percentage of classical is described below:
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P = F X 100 N
P : Classical percentage
6
Marshall, op. cit., p. 40.
7
Creswell, op. cit. p. 81.
F : The total number of students’ mastery learning
N : The total number of students.
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CHAPTER IV FINDING AND INTERPRETATION
In this chapter presents, the researcher presents the finding of the research. In this case, it discussed the way to improve students’ reading comprehension of
discussion text through Students Team Achievement Division STAD Technique in the XII
th
grade of Science Class at SMA Fatahillah Jakarta and the interpretation about the finding.
A. Finding
1. Finding pre-implementation of the CAR
Before implementing the Classroom Action Research CAR, there are three parts that have to be considered. Those are: result of pre-observation, result of
pre-questionnaire, and result of pre-test. Those explanations are as follow:
a. Result of Pre-Observation Pre observation was conducted to observe the process of teaching and learning
in reading activity before implementing the action. It was held on Tuesday and Wednesday, September, 23
td
an d 24
td
2014 at XII
th
grade of science students of SMA Fatahillah Jakarta. That class consists of 15 students. The pre-observation
was started at 09.30 A.M. and finished at 10.00 A.M. In general, during the teaching and learning activities in the classroom, the
teacher tended to dominate the class. Teacher liked a center of the class. Therefore students become passive and just did the activity asked by the teacher. However,
there are some students that can be classified as high students. They were always active in the class and looked interest in English. In addition, they tried to ask
many questions and, sometime, criticized the material during the teaching and learning process. In this class seemed that there was a gap between high students
and low students. If the high students can follow the lesson smoothly, but the low students have to be given some stimulations to understand the material.
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