aasignment together. Cooperative learning grounded in the belief in that learning is most effective when students are acctively involved in sharing ideas and work
cooperatively to complete academic tasks.
According to Roger E. W-B Olsen and Spencer Kagan in Cooperative Language L
earning‘s book, ―CL provides increased interactions between students. This, in turn, increases opportunities for language practice while using those same
interactions to increase comprehension of lesson material. Nonnative English speaker in CL classes show gains in language acquisition and academic
achievement that are either equivalent to or superior to gains through traditional whole-
class instruction.‖
25
Based on the all statement above, the writer summarized that cooperative learning is a learning model which provides opportunity to interact and
communicate with each other. Cooperative learning is not just putting students into group but they should learn social skill. The cooperative learning requires
students to be active in the grou p and achieved the main goal of every member in the group.
2. The Technique of Cooperative Learning
There are many techniques in Cooperative Learning which can be applied by teachers in teaching-learning activities, such as; Student Teams-Achievement
Divisions STAD, Teams-Games-Tournament TGT, Jigsaw, Number Head Together NHT and Team Accelerated Instruction TAI. Three are general
cooperative learning methods adapted to most subjects and grade levels; STAD, TGT, and Jigsaw.
26
The writer limits his study only in Student Teams-Achievement Division STAD technique as he mentioned in chapter one.
25
Ibid., p. 1
26
Steven G. McCafferty Ed., Cooperative Learning and Second Language Teaching, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 181
—194.
D. Students Teams Achievement Division STAD Technique.
1. Understanding of Students Teams Achievement Division STAD Technique.
Students Teams Achievement Division STAD is one of the set of instructional technique developed and researched by Slavin at Johns Hopkins
University. Slavin stated in his book, ―Two of the oldest and most extensively
researched forms of cooperative learning are Students Teams Achievement Division and Team-Games-
Tounament.‖
27
STAD technique is based on the idea of having students work in cooperative learning teams to learn academic objectives. However, this technique emphasizes
the use of team goals and team success, which can only be achieved if all members of the team learn the objectives being taught. In other word, in Students
Team Learning, the students‘ tasks are not to do something as a team, but to learn something as a team, where the team‘s work is not done until all team members
have mastered the material being studied. STAD is also the simplest cooperative learning methods, and the most
appropriate method for teachers who want to apply the Cooperative Learning for the first time in their teaching-learning activities. STAD is one of the simplest of
