Achievement Division technique. The scope of reflection in the classroom action research involves analyzing, synthesizing, and assessing collected data. Based on
what had been reflected, the researcher decided what had been attained or not. If there was something that still needed to be revised, the next cycle should be done
by the revised planning, re-acting, and re-observing.
F. Research Instrument
The research instrument is used in order to complete the data needed. It divided into two types: test and non-test. Test consists of pre-test and post-test.
Non-test consists of observations and questionnaire. Research instrument from non-test are:
1. Observation Observation is the process of gathering open-ended, first-hand information by
observing people and places at a research site.
3
In this study, English teaching- learning process in XII
th
grade students of Science Class at SMA Fatahillah Jakarta was observed directly by the researcher. In gathering data the writer took
field notes and used observation sheet. The observation sheet was used to know students’ response toward the implementation of STAD technique in teaching
reading. It consisted of five categories: active students, interest, appreciating others opinion, cooperating in the group and giving the idea. Here are the
following formats of the observation sheet of students’ activity:
Table 3.2 The Observation Sheet Blueprint of Students’ Activity
Students’ Number
Aspect Total
Mean A
B C
D E
1 2
3 Adapted from Wina Sanjaya, 20011
3
John W. Creswell, Educational Research: planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research, 3
rd
edition, Boston, Pearson Education, Inc., 2008, p. 221.
Explanation: A = Active students
B = Interest C = Appreciating others opinion
D = Cooperating in the group E = Giving the idea
2. Questionnaire The questionnaire will be given to the second grade students of SMA
Fatahillah Jakarta in order to know their responses toward the process of improving students’ reading comprehension in exposition text through applying
Students Team Achievement Division STAD technique before and after teaching and learning process.
3. Test The test will be done before and after conducting the research, first was pre-
test. It was conducted before the implementation of Students Team Achievement Division STAD technique in order to kno
w the students’ reading comprehension of discussion text. Second was post-test. It was conducted after the implementing
of STAD technique in cycle 1 and 2 in order to know how STAD technique can improve students’ reading comprehension of discussion text. In this research the
test was multiple choice items. The number of the questions item was 20. The questions were based on three general indicators in learning reading
comprehension in terms of discussion text, such as: finding main idea, finding the schematic structure in the text, and determining the meaning implied in the text.
G. Data Collecting Procedures
In this research used two technique of collecting data: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data experience-based consists of observation and
questionnaire. Meanwhile, the quantitative data number-based consists of pre- test and post-test. The completely explanation as follows:
1. Observation In this case, the writer observed the students during teaching and learning
process. There are two types of observation sheets that are used: structural and opened observation. Structural observation used in order to get the deep
information about students activity related to their motivation, participation, and achievement in learning reading. However, opened observation used to describe
any additional information that was not listed in structural observation. In opened observation the researcher used journal as a tool to collect the real situation that
occurs in the class during teaching and learning process. 2. Questionnaire
The questionnaire will be given to the third grade students of Science Class at SMA Fatahillah Jakarta. The researcher used pre-questionnaire in order to know
students’ responses toward their teaching and learning process of reading text before the implementation determined technique. On the other hand, post-
questionnaire is given to measure the improving students’ reading comprehension
in discussion text after applying Students Team Achievement Division STAD technique.
3. Test The test used in this research was pre-test and post-test. The researcher used
pre- test in order to know the students’ reading score before implementing STAD
technique. Meanwhile post-test was held after the implementation of STAD technique. It is used to identify the improvement of
students’ understanding in discussion text after implementing determined technique.
H. Technique of Data Analysis
In order to obtain the result of this research, the writer conducted some analysis which consists of:
1. Qualitative Analysis The process of analyzing qualitative data is based on observation data and
questionnaire data. In this case, the researcher collected the data that have gathered and all data was interpreted in order to ease in categorizing and
