9.
Text Types
English text can be divided into two major text types, they are:
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a. Literary Text
The text types used to express human experiences in an imaginative way are classified as literary texts. These texts are aimed to entertain the readers. The
main literary text types are: 1
Narratives The aim of the narrative text is to tell a story or relate the event and providing the
entertainment to the audience. In the narrative can be make the audience think about an issue, teach them the lesson, or excite their emotions. Narrative can be
presented as written or spoken texts. If the narrator is one of the characters of the story, the story is usually told inthe first person. If a person outside the story is
the narrator, then the story is being told in the third person. 2
Poems This text types express people‟s feelings and impressions about life. Poems may
tell a vivid description of story. The aim of this text is to des cribe someone‟s
point of view about something through thought-provoking images. Ballads, haiku, limericks, sonnets, song lyrics, and chinqua
pins are some examples of poetic texts. Some of them may be written by using sound patterns and rhythm.
3 Dramas
Ideas and expression of life may sometimes be expressed through a drama. Drama can be spoken and written. The actors may have set libels to be performed
or even improvised. These lines are usually constructed in the form of a dramatic text, sometimes we call as a script. The examples of dramatic texts include: film
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Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Type In English, South Yarra: Macmillan Education Australia, 1998, pp. 2
—28.
scripts, improvisations, stage settings, soap opera, streets theatre, and re- enactments.
b. Factual text
Factual text present information and ideas. The purpose of these texts is to inform, instruct, educate, or persuade the reader. The main factual text types are:
1 Explanation
This kind of text tells how to do something or why something happens. The purpose of this text is to tell the step of the process and give the reason of it. This
text type involves three major parts: a general statements, a series of paragraphs, and concluding paragraph.
2 Information report
A report text explains information about a subject which is quite general rather than the specific one. The aim of this text is to describe each parts, behaviors,
and qualities of a subject throughout presenting a series of fact. 3
Discussion Discussion text is a text type which gives for and against the positive and
negative, or good points and bad points of certain issue. The purpose of this text is to present the different opinions on a topic to the audience or the reader, and, at
the end, the reader opinion. 4
Exposition The function of this text is to inform the point of view if arguments of the writer
to influence the listener and reader‟s view. 5
Recount The text type is to tell a story which relates an event or a past experience to
entertain the reader. The writer often sets the first paragraph are telling who, what, where, and when.
6 Factual Description
Factual description is descriptive text which are describes a particular person, place or thing. A descriptive text typically has an opening paragraph introducing
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