C.
Population and Sampling
Population is a place of generalization that consist of subject and object of the research with certain quality and characteristic that are standardized by the researcher
in order to learn from them and then to draw a conclusion from them.
2
This research used purposive technique. In this research the writer took the population at the second
year students of Islamic School Al-Fallah Villa Mutiara - Ciputat - Tangerang Selatan.
In this research, the sample of the population was taken from two classes in Islamic School Al-Fallah. The class was divided into three classes, and they are 8.1
plus, 8.2, and 8.3. The samples are from 8.2 and 8.3., the writer choose those classes because their quantity fulfill for doing the experimental method.
D. Instrument of Data Collection
Some techniques used in collecting data in this research are:
1. Pre-test
The writer gave the students pre-test for two classes before the lesson began to know in which level the background knowledge of the material students is. The
pre-test consisted of 30 questions of written test related to the material.
2. Treatment
The writer taught reading of narrative text in the experimental and control class. She gave both classes the same materials in different technique.The experimental
class was taught using picture series while the control class was taught without using picture series.
2
Etta Mamang Sangaji, Sophia. Metodologi Penelitian: Pendekatan Praktis Dalam Penelitian, Yogyakarta: Andi Yogyakarta, 2010, p. 185.
3. Post-test
The writer gave the post-test to both classes after the lesson finished. The items of the post-test were similar from pre-test. This test is held in order to know if there
any progress before and after teaching and learning activity by using picture series or without picture series.
The result of pre-test and post-test were collected and compared to know the effectiveness of using picture series in teaching reading of narrative text.
E.
Technique of Data Analysis
The next step of the research, the writer will process and analyze the data. The writer analyzes the score pre-test and post-test. This is to find out the differences of
students‟ scores by using picture series and without using picture series. The technique of data analysis that is used by the writer in this research is statistic
analysis with t-test, the formula is:
With the explanation: = The value of “t observation”
= Mean of the differences of Experiment Class M
2 =
Mean of the differences of Controlled Class SE
=
Standard Error of Experiment Class SE
=
Standard Error of Controlled Class
The procedures of calculation are as follows: 1.
Determining Mean of Variable X: ∑
2. Determining Mean of Variable Y:
∑ 3.
Determining Standard of Deviation Score Variable X:
√ ∑
4. Determining Standard of Deviation Score Variable Y:
√ ∑
5. Determining Standard Error Mean Variable X:
√ 6.
Determining Standard Error Mean Variable Y:
√ 7.
Determining Standard Error of Different MeanVariable X and Variable Y, with formula:
√ 8.
Determiningt
o
, with formula:
9. Determining Degrees of Freedom, with formula:
.
3
F. Statistical Hypotheses
In order to get the answer of the hypothesis above, the researcher proposes alternative hypothesis Ha and null hypothesis H
which is provided as follows: H
= t
o
t
t
H
a
= t
o
t
t
Where: H
0:
Using Picture Series method is not effective in students‟ reading
comprehension. H
a:
Using Picture Series method is effective in students‟ reading
comprehension. If t-test t
o
t-table t
t
in significant degree of 5, H null hypothesisis
rejected. If t-test t
o
t-table t
t
in significant degree 5, H null hypothesisis
accepted.
3
Anas Sudjono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: Rajawali pers, 2012, p. 314 —316.
