In narrative, the author usually opens their story by telling the setting-that is, the time and the place. However, setting can be general, specific, and very detailed.
Setting usually functions as more than a backdrop for a story. c.
Character All stories have a character to be presented. Based on the literary term, a
character is a person created for a work of fiction. In some cases, they are veiled, autobiographical version of the author or they are people the author knows or
people the author has observed or overhead. d.
Point of view Point of view in narrative text can be First-
person by using “I”, and Third- person by using “hesheit”. First-person is not about the author, the author
creates a persona or mask through which he or she tells the story.
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3. The Schematic Structure of Narrative Text
a. Orientation
This is the introductory part of the stories where the author tells the reader who is in the story, when the story takes place, and where the story is happening.
Throughout this part, the reader can get the insight of what probably happens next in the story.
b. Complication
The part the author tells the chain of events in the story that influences what will happen in it. This is where the characters play their role. Many characters will be
affected by some of the events happen in this part. c.
Sequence of Event
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Jane Bcahman Gordon and Karen Kuehner, Fiction: The Elements of the Short Story, New york McGraw-Hills company, 1999, pp. 1
—151.
A narrative may present a series of events as the form of response from the characters to the complication of the story. It involves the character‟s feelings
and what they do. Those events are usually told in chronological order or with flashback. The point of view appears in this part.
d. Resolution
In this part, the story reaches its end. This is where the problem is solved. e.
Coda Usually coda is present at the last paragraph. Coda includes a moral or message
to be learnt from the story.
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C. Definition of Schemata
According to Gilakjani and Ahmadi “Schema” is background knowledge- also prior knowledge is supposed to consist of two main components: “our assimilated
direct experiences of life and its manifold activities, and our assimilated verbal experiences and encounters. Schemata are accepted as interblocking mental structure
representing reader‟s knowledge.”
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It means schema is about everything people‟s experiences, and readers integrate the new information from the text into their
previous information or knowledge. It can be said that organize categories of previous information then combine it into new information.
D. Picture
1. The definition pictures
According to Andrew W right “pictures are the most suitable known the
language. Pictures contribute; interest and motivation, a sense of the context of
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Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, op,.cit.,p.4.
18
Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani and Seyedh Masoumeh Ahmadi,The Relationship between L2 Reading Comprehension and Schema Theory. A Matter of Text Familiarity, International Journal of
Information and Education Technology, vol 1, No 2, 2011, p. 142.
