9. Determining Degrees of Freedom, with formula:
.
3
F. Statistical Hypotheses
In order to get the answer of the hypothesis above, the researcher proposes alternative hypothesis Ha and null hypothesis H
which is provided as follows: H
= t
o
t
t
H
a
= t
o
t
t
Where: H
0:
Using Picture Series method is not effective in students‟ reading
comprehension. H
a:
Using Picture Series method is effective in students‟ reading
comprehension. If t-test t
o
t-table t
t
in significant degree of 5, H null hypothesisis
rejected. If t-test t
o
t-table t
t
in significant degree 5, H null hypothesisis
accepted.
3
Anas Sudjono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: Rajawali pers, 2012, p. 314 —316.
33
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
A. RESEARCH FINDINGS
The result of the statistical calculation indicated that value of t
observastion is 4.87. The degree of freedom is 40 which is obtained from N1+N2- 2=23+23-2=44, the writer used the degree of freedom of significance of 5, the
value of the degree of significance is 2.41. Comparing the result of
with the value of the degree of significance, the result is 4.87 2.41. Therefore, there was signific
ant difference between student’s achievements who were taught using picture series who were taught without using
picture series.
1. Description of the Data
The experimental class and the controlled class were taught in different technique in teaching reading. The experimental class was taught narrative text using
picture series, whereas the controlled class was taught narrative text as some as with the experimental class but without using picture series. The data shown in this part
were collected from student’s test score were pre-test and post-test of both
experiment class and controlled class. a.
The Data of Experiment Class
Table 4.1 The Score of Pre-Test and Post Test of Experiment Test
Students Pre-Test
Post-Test Gain Score
1 63
70 7
2 43
73 30
3 67
73 6
Students Pre-Test
Post-Test Gain Score
4 53
77 24
5 73
83 10
6 43
73 30
7 63
73 10
8 57
77 20
9 63
73 10
10 67
80 13
11 53
73 20
12 43
70 27
13 63
73 10
14 40
67 27
15 67
77 10
16 60
77 17
17 63
73 10
18 33
80 47
19 53
67 14
20 40
63 23
21 27
63 36
22 33
50 17
23 43
70 27
Ʃ n = 23 Ʃ X
=1210 Ʃ X
1
=1655 Ʃ X
2
=445 AVERAGE
52.60 72
19.35 MAX
73 83
MIN 27
50
From the description of score in experimental class above, it could be seen that from 23 students in the class, the mean of pre-test was 52.60 and the mean of
post-test was 72. So, the writer got the mean of gain score was 19.35. Based on the table previou
sly, the highest students’ score in pre-test was 73 obtained by one student. Meanwhile, the lowest of students’ score in pre-test was 27 by one student.
From differences score obtained between the highest students’ score was 73 and the lowest students’ score was 27 before the students get treatments in using picture
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