Definition of Vocabulary General View of Vocabulary

active vocabulary is productive learning referring to speaking and writing, while passive vocabulary is receptive learning referring to reading and listening. 2.3.4. Teaching vocabulary According to Wallace 1982:29, there are some principles in teaching vocabulary. The first is aims. The teacher should understand clearly what the aims of teaching vocabulary are, heshe expects the learners to master some difficult words of vocabulary that are needed in hisher lesson; the second is quantity, the teacher may have to decide on the number of vocabulary items to be learnt, the third is need. It is also possible for the teacher to put the responsibility of choosing the vocabulary to be taught to the students according to the students needs, the next principle is frequent exploration and repetition, it is impossible for us to remember a new word by only hearing it for once or twice. In learning vocabulary there has to be a certain amount of practice and repetition until there is evidence that students have already mastered the vocabulary of the target language. Meaningful presentation is also important principle, it means that learners must have a clear understanding of the new words that are taught i.e the meaning of the words that are being taught. The last one is situation presentation. In teaching vocabulary, teacher should focus on a topic. Words about things around us are given in one topic, words about animals in another etc.

2.3.5. Vocabulary Teaching Techniques

Giving more attention in the techniques used in teaching vocabulary is extremely important. Teachers should select the technique carefully in order to be successful in achieving the goals of the instruction. According to Harmer 1998:161, there are some techniques that teachers may use in teaching vocabulary namely: a. Realia One way of presenting vocabularies is to bring the things they represent into the classroom. It means that by bringing realia into classroom. Words like ruler, books, pens, bags, etc, can obviously be presented in this way. The teacher holds up the object, says the word, and then gets the students to repeat it. b. Pictures Bringing the ruler into the classroom is not a problem, but bringing a car into the classroom will be different. One solution is by using pictures. Pictures can be used to explain the meaning of vocabulary items. They can be board drawings, wall pictures and charts, flashcards, magazines pictures, and any other non- technical visual representation. c. Mime, action, and gestures Explaining the meaning of words by using realia or pictures is sometimes impossible to do. For example, concepts like running or standing will be better if they are explained through action. d. Contrast As everybody knows that how words exist because of their relation and this can be used to teach meaning. The teacher can present the meaning of empty by contrasting it with full, cold by contrasting it with hot, big by contrasting it with