Identifying the problem Procedure of Action Research

In this step, the researcher made a lesson plan about a certain topic, material, media, time, schedule, and instrument for observation. The researcher chose the topic for teaching materials. The researcher focused on Distress Communication, Distress Communications as internship communications are communications among seafarers in three conditions as follows; 1 Distress messages involving fireexplosion, flooding, collision, grounding, list-danger of capsizing, sinking, disabled and adrift, armed attackpiracy, under designated distress, abandoning vessels, and person overboard, 2 Search and Rescue, and 3 Requesting medical assistance. Time and schedule of this research are confirmed with the situation in the college. The researcher uses photographs, interview questions sheet, research diaries, and field notes for instruments of observation. b. Implementing In this step, the researcher implemented the activities written in the lesson plan. The researcher conducted two cycles because the time was limited. Each cycle in this research consisted of four meetings and each meeting took 100 minutes. The step of implementing stage was divided into three sections. Those were opening section, main activity section, and closing section. c. Observing In this step, the researcher as the practitioner implemented back chaining drills technique in the teaching and learning process, and the researcher also as the observer observed cadets ’ understanding, cadets’ participation, cadets’ activity, and cadets ’ comprehension in the teaching-learning process. Observation is one of the techniques which is used in collecting the data. The result of the observation was recorded on observation sheets as the data. d. Reflecting After carrying out the teaching process using back chaining drills technique, the researcher recited the result of the activities which occured in classroom as the reflection of the action. She evaluated the process and the result of the implementation of back chaining drills technique in teaching IMO standard marine communication phrases. It is a basic consideration to make plan and to conduct the next meeting. It also used to answer the hypothesis that has been proposed by the researcher before the action is carried out.

3.4.3. Doing evaluation

When the whole teaching process has been done, the cadets were given test. Then, the researcher found the mean of score. By analyzing the test result, the researcher could find whether there was an improvement of the cadet’s vocabulary mastery especialy in IMO phrases SMCP’s or not.

3.5. Technique for Collecting Data

Data have very important role in research, because without data, it is impossible to get the result of the research. To obtain the data, the researcher used some instruments in collecting data, namely: observation, interview, and test. In this research, the data were collected by using some instruments of qualitative data collection. The researcher used data instruments as follows. 1 Observation