literature. It describes the theories used in developing the study. All of them serve the fundamental references in conducting the study, with respect to theoretical
frame work, data collection and analysis. Meanwhile, Chapter III is the research method which the current study is
procedurally based. It gives the description of the research design, the subject of the study, the research instruments for data collection, and the procedures for data
analysis. Chapter IV deals with the result and discussion in this study. It provides the explanation of the patterns of action research study conducted by the researcher
in the third semester students of Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang. Chapter V provides the overall discussion of the study as the conclusion and followed by the
suggestions given by the researcher at the end of the study for the improvement of
language teaching technique in improving vocabulary mastery.
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter provides the theories of the study. It is divided into six parts: previous studies, definition and theory of action research, general view of
vocabulary, definition of IMO SMCP, definition and theory of Back Chaining Drills technique, definition and action hypothesis.
2.1. Previous studies
There has been substantial literature of previous studies conducted by language teachers that attempted to empirically draw conclusion of effective
vocabulary teaching. Riswanto and Endang Haryanto 2012 did research about improving students’ pronunciation through communicative drilling technique by
using classroom action research method. This research was held in SMAN 07 South Bengkulu in 2012. The researchers held three cycles in this research. There was
imp rovement in students’ pronunciation achievement in each cycle. The data were
analyzed by using percentage. There were five types of score, those were excellent, very good, good, low, and failed. The percentages of excellent, very good, and good
scores increased while the percentage of low and failed scores decreased. The researchers concluded that communicative drilling technique improved the
students’ pronunciation achievement. Another research was done by Septian Maharani 2012 about improving
students’ vocabulary mastery through the use of wall charts by using classroom action research. This research was held in SDN Parangjoro 1 Sukoharjo. The
researcher combined wall chart with games and drilling. She held the research into
