In the process of the implementation of the action, the researcher took photographs which covered students’ behavior and students’ learning activities to
provide more accurate data.
3.6. Technique for Analyzing Data
The classroom action research in this study will be successful if there is an improvement or enhancement of cadets
’ mastery of IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases. It can be showed when the students can do the test, and
feel easy and enjoy in learning vocabulary especially vocabulary of IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases in the classroom. After the data were collected, the
researcher analyzed the scores from those tests by calculating the mean of the pre test and the post test. Then, the hypothesis of this research was tested by using non
independent t-test. She used it to answer whether there are significant differences between cadets
’ vocabulary mastery of IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases before and after the action.
The collected data were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative ways. The qualitative data analyses were used to analyze the data that were taken during the
teaching learning process. The researcher used the indicators that show the improvement of the cadets
’ vocabulary mastery of IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases.
The quantitative data analyses were used to analyze data from the result of the teaching learning process. It was done to compare the cadets
’ vocabulary mastery of IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases before and after each cycle or the
result of pre-test and post-test. The results of the test are analyzed using non- independent t-test. The formula is stated as follows Ary, 1979:150:
t =
1
2 2
N N
N D
D D
Notes: t
= the t-value for non independent correlated means D
= the difference between the paired scores
D
= the mean of the differences
2
D = the sum of the squared difference scores N
= the number of pairs
The mean of the pre-test and the post-test can be calculated with the formulas as follows:
x
N x
N y
y
in which: x = means of pre-test scores
y
= means of post-test scores N = the number of sample
Finally, by analyzing data from observation, interview, and test, the researcher is able to draw a conclusion whether Back Chaining Drills technique can
improve the cadets ’ vocabulary mastery of IMO Standard Marine Communication
Phrases or not.
