Scope of the Study

c Back Chaining Drills Back-chaining is a technique used in teaching oral language skills, especially with polysyllabic or difficult words. The teacher pronounces the last syllable, the student repeats, and then the teacher continues, working backwards from the end of the word to the beginning. For example, to teach the name ‘Mussorgsky a teacher will pronounce the last syllable: -sky, and have the student repeat it. Then the teacher will repeat it with -sorg- attached before: - sorg-sky, and all that remains is the first syllable: Mus-sorg-sky. Back-chaining makes natural stress easier for the students. It is easier than the front-chaining, which starts from the first syllable, because back-chaining requires that the student put the new element first where it is more difficult to forget. d Action research Mills stated 2000: 6 action research is any systematic inquiry conducted by teacher researchers, principals, school counselors, or other stakeholders in teachinglearning environment to gather information about the ways how their particular schools operate, how they teach, and how well their students learn.

1.7. The Outline of the Report

This study is organized in five chapters. Chapter I describes the general background to the study, statement of the problems, objective of the study, significance of the study, scope of the study, and the organization of writing. In general, this chapter provides the framework or the ground thinking of this study to carry out the following chapters. Chapter II provides the review of the related literature. It describes the theories used in developing the study. All of them serve the fundamental references in conducting the study, with respect to theoretical frame work, data collection and analysis. Meanwhile, Chapter III is the research method which the current study is procedurally based. It gives the description of the research design, the subject of the study, the research instruments for data collection, and the procedures for data analysis. Chapter IV deals with the result and discussion in this study. It provides the explanation of the patterns of action research study conducted by the researcher in the third semester students of Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang. Chapter V provides the overall discussion of the study as the conclusion and followed by the suggestions given by the researcher at the end of the study for the improvement of language teaching technique in improving vocabulary mastery.