Katherine belum pernah melihat bongkahan emas sebesar ini, dan perlu

44 4. Eyes scanning mata mencari-cari N V N V When it is translating into the target language it is found that the English collocation is also a collocation in the target language based on what has been stated by Kridalaksana that there are four kinds of collocation, they are: noun+ noun, noun+ adjective, noun+ verb, and noun+ numeral. Since it is found that mata mencari-cari is formed by noun+ verb, so it is categorized as a collocation in target language. 5 a. Katherine had never seen a piece of gold this large, and it took her an instant to realize ch.64

b. Katherine belum pernah melihat bongkahan emas sebesar ini, dan perlu

sejenak sebelum dia menyadari Looking at the above sentence, the collocation is a piece f gold. A piece of gold bongkahan emas Quantifier N N N When the collocation translated into the target language, the form of the word has changed. It is found that quantifier becomes noun and adjective becomes preposition in TL. It is has been said before that this kind of thing called class-shift. It is also found that the collocation stand for different kinds and types of collocation. Lexical Collocations type L5 A piece of gold Quantifier N After the collocations translated into the target language, it is found that the form has changed into noun+noun and it is categorized as an Indonesian collocation. www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 45 A piece of gold bongkahan emas Quantifier N N N Bongkahan emas a piece of gold is a collocation in target language since it is formed by noun+ noun. As stated by Kridalaksana that kinds of collocation in Indonesian are noun+ noun, noun+ adjective, noun+ verb, and noun+ numeral. 6 a. The assembly of brothers encircling him all were adorned in their full regalia of lambskin aprons, sashes, and white gloves.prologue b. sekumpulan saudara yang mengelilinginya mengenakan pakaian kebesaran lengkap, terdiri atas penutup dada dari kulit domba, selempang, dan sarung tangan putih. Looking at the above sentence, there are two collocations found. They are the assembly of brothers and white gloves. The assembly of brothers sekumpulan saudara Quantifier N N N White gloves sarung tangan putih Adj N N Adj When these two collocations translated into its Indonesian meaning, the form of the word has changed. It is found that quantifier becomes noun in TL, this kind of thing called shift. The first collocation the assembly of brothers is a class-shift and the second collocation white gloves is a structure shift. It is also found that these two collocations stand for different kinds and types of collocations. Lexical Collocations type L5 The assembly of brothers Quantifier N www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 46 Lexical Collocations type L3 White gloves Adj N After the collocations above translated into TL, it is found that both of them are a collocation in Indonesian because the form has changed. But represent the different kind of collocation in TL. Sekumpulan saudara the assembly of brothers is a collocation in TL since it is formed by noun+ noun. And sarung tangan putih white gloves is also a collocation in the target language because it is formed by noun+ adjective and based on Arifin et al as stated in chapter two, this kind of collocation is classified as Kolokasi Kelompok I type I H which is Formed by noun which is semantic, non- human, concrete, and countable. While the adjective is semantic and colour. Example: angsa putih kotak hijau N Adj N Adj 7 a. He let the words hang for a moment. “My intentions are purely noble, b. Dia membiarkan kata-katanya menggantung sejenak. “kuyakinkan kau, tujuanku benar-benar mulia, ch.9 Looking at the above sentence, there are three collocations found. They are let the word, hang for a moment, and purely noble. 1. Let the words membiarkan kata-kata V N V N 2. Hang for a moment menggantung sejenak V P. Ph V P 3. Purely noble benar- benar mulia Adv Adj V Adj www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 47 When these three collocations translated into its Indonesian meaning, the form of the word has changed. It is found that adjective becomes verb in target language as in purely noble. This kind of thing called shift. Hang for a moment menggantung sejenak V P. Ph V P Looking at the above collocation, the word class has changed from prepositional phrase into prepositional in TL. This kind of thing called class-shift. While in: Purely noble benar- benar mulia Adv Adj V Adj The word class has changed from adverb into verb. It is also found that these two collocations stand for different types of collocation. Lexical Collocations type L1 1. Let the words V N 2. Hang or a moment V P. Ph Lexical Collocations type L6 Purely noble Adv Adj After being translated into TL, these collocations are not a collocation in Indonesian because the three of them is not at form of an Indonesian collocation at all. 8 a. Langdon look closely where she was pointing. ch.79 b. Langdon memandang dengan cermat www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 48 The collocation in the above sentence is look closely which is the meaning is memandang dengan cermat. Look closely memandang dengan cermat V Adv V P Adj It is found that the English collocation has the form of verb+ adverb which is categorized as Lexical Collocations type L7. While the translation has the form of verb+ preposition+ adjective. It is found that there are several changes and addition to the translated collocation. The adverb closely is translated into dengan cermat which is formed by preposition+ adjective. After all the translated collocation is not a collocation in target language.

2. Grammatical Collocations

Grammatical collocations consist of the main word a noun, an adjective, a verb plus a preposition or ‘to+ infinitive’ or ‘that- clause’ and is characterized by eight basic types of collocations. 1 G1= noun+ preposition e.g. blockade against, apathy towards 2 G2= noun+ to-infinitive e.g. he was a fool to do it. They felt a need to do it 3 G3= noun+ that-clause e.g. we reached an agreement that she would represent us in court. He took an oath that he would do his duty 4 G4= preposition+ noun e.g. by accident, in agony 5 G5= adjective+ preposition e.g. fond of children, hungry for news 6 G6= adjective+ to-infinitive e.g. it was necessary to work, it’s nice to be here 7 G7= adjective+ that-clause e.g. she was afraid that she would fail, it was imperative that I be there www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 49 8 G8= 19 different verb patterns in English e.g. verb+ to-infinitive they began to speak, verb+ bare infinitive we must work and other. The following are some grammatical collocations and the analysis found in the data. 1 a. The guard barely had time to process what he was seeing… ch.54 b. Penjaga itu hampir tidak punya waktu untuk mencerna apa yang dilihatnya. From the above sentence it is found that the collocation is time to process. Time to process waktu untuk mencerna N To-inf N P V The collocation categorized as grammatical collocation type G2 which is formed by noun+ to-infinitive. It is usually found that time+ to-infinitive collocates with: a. time to kill b. time to go c. time to get d. time to try, etc. 2 a. …his right arm was in a sling, and he moved with a slight limp. ch.4 b. …lengan kananya berada dalam kain gendongan dan jalannya sedikit pincang. From the above sentence it is found that there are three collocations exist. They are right arm, in a sling, and slight limp. Lexical collocation type L3 1. Right arm Adj N www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 50 2. Slight limp Adj N Grammatical collocation type G4 In a sling P N There are two kinds of collocation that has the same kinds and type of collocation; they are right arm and slight limp which are categorized as lexical collocation type L3 which is formed by adjective+ noun. And the other, in a sling is categorized as grammatical collocation type G4 which is formed by preposition+ noun. 1. Right arm lengan kanan Adj N N Adj 2. In a sling berada dalam kain gendongan P N V P N 3. Slight limp sedikit pincang Adj N Adj V However the above collocations have changed in form. Right arm lengan kanan Adj N N Adj The form of the above collocation changed when it is translated into TL. The form adjective+ noun becomes noun+ adjective however; lengan kanan is also a collocation in TL. In the case of shift, it is called structure shift where the form of the noun phrase of SL is modifier- head and the form of noun phrase of TL is head- modifier. In a sling berada dalam kain gendongan P N V P N In a sling is categorized as grammatical collocation type G4 with the form preposition+ noun. However the translation of this collocation becomes berada www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 51 dalam kain gendongan with the form verb+ preposition+ noun. In the SL there are only two kind of word class exist preposition+ noun but when it is translated into TL it becomes three verb+ preposition+ noun. The word in translated into berada dalam. While a sling translated into kain gendongan. In a sling Berada dalam kain gendongan Both of the words in SL translated into TL and it becomes a phrase. In berada dalam W P A sling kain gendongan W P This kind of thing called unit-shift. Unit shift happen when the translation equivalent of a unit at one rank in the SL is a unit at a different rank in the TL. Slight limp sedikit pincang Adj N Adj V The above collocation is categorized as lexical collocation type L3 which formed by adjective+ noun. The form of this collocation is also changing after the translation process. The form adjective+ noun becomes adjective+ verb in the TL however the translation is not a collocation in TL. 3 a. …but he was apparently very good at doctoring.ch.24 b. …tapi tampaknya dia sanagt bagus dalam pekerjaannya. In the above sentence, it is found that the collocation is good at and categorized as grammatical collocation type G5 which is formed by adjective+ preposition. Good at bagus dalam Adj P Adj P www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 52 Having analyzed the English collocation and the translation in Indonesian, it is found that there is no changing in the form. But the translated collocation is not a collocation in the TL because there is no form adjective+ preposition found in the form of Indonesian collocation. 4 a. “Good morning, Robert. Surprised to see me?” ch.24 b. “Selamat pagi, Robert. Kaget melihatku?” From the underline collocation, it is found that surprised to see is categorized as grammatical collocation type G6 which is formed by adjective+to- infinitive. Surprised to see kaget melihat Adj To-inf Adj V Having analyzed the English collocation and the translation in Indonesian, it is found that there is no change in the word class. However, the translation in TL is not a collocation in Indonesian. 5 a. A young couple on the side walk straind to see through the tinted rear windows , hoping to glimpse a VIP. ch.14 b. Pasangan muda di trotoar memanjangkan leher untuk melihat memalui jendela- jendela belakang yang gelap, berharap bias melihat sesosok VIP. From the above sentence, it is found that there are three collocations exist. They are young couple, rear windows, and hoping to glimpse. These three collocations also stand for different kinds and types of collocation, they are: Lexical collocation type L3: 1. Young couple Adj N www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 53 2. Rear windows Adj N Grammatical collocation type G8: Hoping to glimpse V To-inf There are two collocations that categorized as lexical collocation type L3, and one collocation categorized as grammatical collocation type G8. 1. Young couple pasangan muda Adj N N Adj 2. Rear windows jendela-jendela belakang Adj N N N 3. Hoping to glimpse berharap bisa melihat V To-inf V N V When these three collocations translated into its Indonesian meaning, the form of the word has changed. It is found that young couple changes in structure- shift; adjective+ noun becomes noun+ adjective in TL. While Rear windows and hoping to glimpse change in class shift, adjective+ noun becomes noun+ noun in TL. After being translated into TL, only two collocation in SL also a collocation in TL young couple and Rear window as stated by Kridalaksana that kinds of collocation in Indonesian are noun+ noun, noun+ adjective, noun+ verb, and noun+ numeral. While hoping to glimpse is not an Indonesian collocation. www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 54 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions