17 2 Interlingual translation or translation proper an interpretation of
verbal signs by means of some other language. 3 Intersemiotic translation or transmutation an interpretation of verbal
signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems. Brislin 1976:3-4 states that according to the purpose, translation can be
divided into four types: a Pragmatic translation. Pragmatic translation is the translation of a
message with an interest in accuracy of the information meant to be communicated in the target language form. Belonging to such translation
is the translation of technical information, such as repairing instructions. b Aesthetic-poetic translation. Aesthetic-poetic translation is the one that
does not only focus on the information, but also the emotion, feeling, beauty involved in the original writing.
c Ethnographic translation. Ethnographic translation is the one that explicates the cultural context of the source and second language
versions. d Linguistic translation. Linguistic translation is the one that is concerned
with equivalent meanings of the constituent morphemes of the second language and with grammatical form.
2.2 Collocation
2.2.1 Definition of Collocation
Define the definition of collocation from Wikipedia; there are two basic meaning of collocation. Those are:
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18 1. In corpus
linguistics, collocation defines a
sequence of
words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance.
2. In phraseology, collocation is a sub-type of phraseme. An example of a phraseological collocation from Michael Hallidayis the expression strong
tea. While the same meaning could be conveyed by the roughly equivalent powerful tea, this expression is considered incorrect by English speakers.
Conversely, the
corresponding expression
for computer, powerful computers is preferred over strong computers. Phraseological collocations
should not be confused with idioms although both are similar in that there is a degree of meaning present in the collocation or idiom that is not entirely
compositional. With idioms, the meaning is completely non-compositional whereas collocations are mostly compositional.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 2003: 247, collocation is: 1 a combination of words in a language that happens very often and
more frequently than would happen by chance. 2 The fact of two or more words often being used together, in a way that happens more frequently than would happen
by chance. On the study page B3 of Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, collocation is defined as the way in which particular words tend to occur or belong
together. For example:
Meals will be served outside on the terrace, weather permitting. But not
Meals will be served outside on the terrace, weather allowing.
Both these sentences seem to mean the same thing ‘they’ll bring us our meals
outside if the weather is good enough.’: allow and permit have very similar meanings. But in this combination only permitting is correct. It COLLOCATES
with weather and allowing does not.
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19 Based on Firth as cited by Leon 2007:3, says
Meaning by collocation is an abstraction at the syntagmatic level and is not directly concerned with the conceptual or idea approach to the meaning of
words. One of the meanings of night is its collocability with dark, and of dark, of course, collocation with night Firth [1951] 1957:196.
2.2.2 The Importance of Collocation