39 6.30 of the findings, G8: 6 or 5.40 of the findings. The rest, L2, G1, G3, and G7
are found nothing in the data. The writer found 53 or 47.75 of the translated collocations also a
collocation in the TL.
Table 4.2: Total Percentage of All Types of Indonesian Collocations NO
TYPES OF COLLOCATIONS
NUMBER OF COLLOCATIONS
PERCENTAGE 1
N+ N 11
20.75 2
N+ Adj 29
54.75 3
N+ V 13
24.50 4
N+ Numeral -
- TOTAL
53 100
Based on the table above, it is found that N+ N: 11 or 20.75 of the findings, N+ Adj: 29 or 54.75 of the findings and N+ V: 13 or 24.50 of the findings while
N+ Numeral is found nothing in the data.
4.2 Analysis of Result
As stated in chapter one, the aims of this research is to analyze how English collocations in the novel translated into Indonesian, find the dominant collocations
and analyze whether the translated collocations is also a collocation in Indonesian TL. Therefore, the writer uses theory suggested by Benson et al about kinds of
collocations.
1. Lexical collocations
Lexical collocations are collocations that do not contain prepositions, infinitives or relative clauses but consist of nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.
Lexical collocations are divided into seven types, they are:
www.nitropdf.com
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
40 1 L1= verb which means creationaction+ nounpronounprepositional phrase
e.g. come to an agreement, launch a missile 2 L2= verb which means eradicationcancellation+ noun e.g. reject an appeal,
crush resistance 3 L3= [adjective+ noun] or [noun used in an attributive way+ noun] e.g. strong
tea, a crushing defeat, house arrest, land reform 4 L4= noun+ verb naming the activity which is performed by a designate of
this noun e.g. bombs explode, bees sting 5 L5= quantifier+ noun e.g. a swarm of bees, a piece of advice
6 L6= adverb+ adjective e.g. hopelessly addicted, sound sleep 7 L7= verb+ adverb e.g. argue heatedly, apologize humbly.
The following are some Lexical Collocations and the analysis found in the data.
1 a. … again feeling repulsed by his captor’s sadistic play on words. ch. 19 b. … dan sekali lagi merasa jijik atas permainan kata yang sadis dari
penculik temannya itu. Looking at the above sentence, there are two collocations found. The first one
is feeling repulsed and the second is play on words.
1. feeling repulsed
merasa jijik
V-ing V
V Adj
2. play on words
permainan kata
V P. Ph
N N
When these two collocations translated into its Indonesian meaning, the form of the word has changed. It is found that verb becomes adjective, verb becomes noun
and prepositional phrase becomes noun in TL. These kinds of thing called class-
www.nitropdf.com
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
41 shift. Class- shift happens when the translation equivalent of a source language item
is a component of a different class in target language For example:
Medical student becomes
mahasiswa kedokteran Adj N
N N
It is also found that these two collocations stand for different kinds and types of collocation. Look at the difference below:
Grammatical Collocations type G8: feeling
repulsed V-ing
V Lexical Collocation type L2:
play on words
V P. Ph
After the collocations above translated into Indonesian, it is found that one of them is a collocation in TL. As stated in chapter two, there are four kinds of
collocation in Indonesian suggested by Kridalaksana, they are: noun+ noun, noun+ adjective, noun+ verb, noun+ numeral.
play on words
permainan kata
V P. Ph
N N
permainan kata play on words is a collocation in target language since it is formed by noun+ noun. While merasa jijik feeling repulsed is not a collocation in
the target language because it is formed by verb+ adjective which is not part of Indonesian collocation.
2 a. He, too, had just made a call, ch. 49 b. Dia juga baru saja menelepon
www.nitropdf.com
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
42
The collocation from the above sentence is made a call and it is a Lexical
Collocation type L1 which is formed by verb + noun
Made a call
menelepon V
N V
When this collocation translated into its Indonesian meaning based on the translated novel, the form of the word is definitely changing from its original form.
Made a call translated into menelepon in TL. This kind of thing called unit-shift.
Unit- shift happens when the translation equivalent of a unit at one rank in the SL is a unit at a different rank in the TL.
For example: The lord
becomes tuhan
P W
It is found that verb+ noun becomes a verb in target language. If we translate
the collocation word by word it will be membuat sebuah panggilan. But the translator translate it into menelepon while ‘menelepon’ in English is ‘phone
someone’ Since the collocation in target language become a verb, so it is clear that the translated collocation is not part of Indonesian collocation.
3 a. The neoclassical architecture is meticulously designed to echo the grandeur of ancient Rome, whose ideals were the inspiration for America’s
founders in establishing the laws and culture of the new republic. ch.4 b. Arsitektur neoklasiknya didesain dengan cermat untuk mengaungkan
kemegahan Roma kuno, yang gagasan-gagasannya menjadi inspirasi bagi
www.nitropdf.com
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
43 para pendiri Amerika dalam menetapkan undang-undang dan kebudayaan
republik baru itu.
Looking at the above sentence, there are three collocations found. They are
neoclassical architecture, ancient Rome, and new republic.
Each of them states the same kinds and types of collocation.
1. Neoclassical architecture
arsitektur neoklasik
Adj N
N Adj
2. Ancient Rome
Roma kuno Adj
N N
Adj 3. New
republic republik
baru Adj
N N
Adj While looking at the form, the SL is adjective+ noun and the TL is noun+
adjective, this kind of thing called structure shift. Structure shift happens when the form of the noun phrase of SL is modifier- head, while the form of the noun phrase
of TL id head- modifier. For example:
New book becomes
buku baru Adj
N N
Adj Since the English collocations formed by adjective+ noun, it is known as
Lexical Collocation type L3 and the translated collocations formed by noun+ adjective, it is also known as Indonesian collocation.
4 a. Katherine immediately looked away, her eyes scanning for Peter.ch.124 b. Katherine langsung memalingkan wajah, matanya mencari-cari Peter.
It is found that the collocation form the above sentence is eyes scanning, and
it is classified as Lexical Collocations type L4 which is formed by noun+ verb. When this collocation translated intoTL, the form of the word does not change.
www.nitropdf.com
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
44 4. Eyes
scanning mata
mencari-cari N
V N
V When it is translating into the target language it is found that the English
collocation is also a collocation in the target language based on what has been stated by Kridalaksana that there are four kinds of collocation, they are: noun+ noun,
noun+ adjective, noun+ verb, and noun+ numeral. Since it is found that mata mencari-cari is formed by noun+ verb, so it is categorized as a collocation in target
language.
5 a. Katherine had never seen a piece of gold this large, and it took her an
instant to realize ch.64
b. Katherine belum pernah melihat bongkahan emas sebesar ini, dan perlu