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Units of Ranks in English

29 Example: Stranger orang asing Adj P 2.4 Intra System Shift Intra system shift is the last shifts; intra system shift is about the shift which occurs along with the names of the types of shift affecting the other fundamental categories of grammar unit, structure and class. Example: A pair of shoes sepasang sepatu N plural N singular

2.3.2 Units of Ranks in English

Morley 2000 in Simanjuntak 2011: 16 identifies five grammatical units representing ranks in English: sentence, clause, group or phrase, word, and morpheme. 1. Sentence Sentence is a set of words expressing a statement a question, or an order, usually containing a subject and a verb. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary, 2000:1212 2. Clause Clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and a verb and is used as part of a sentence. There are tow kinds of clauses: independent clause and dependent clause. Foresman, 1997: 160 Example: a Here comes the bus. independent clause www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 30 b You have not yet said good bye or bought your ticket. independent clause c Because Josephine and Haile whispered and giggled during the lecture, Mr. McKenzie gave them extra homework. dependent clause 3. Group phrase Group phrase is a group of words without a finite verb, especially one that forms part of a sentence. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary 2000:988 Example: There came a giant to my door 4. Word Word is a single a single unit of language which means something can be spoken or written. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary 2000:988 Example: a Book b Zebra 5. Morpheme Morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning that a word can be divided into. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary 2000:862

2.3.2 Word Classes in English

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