Process of Translation Translation .1

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2.1.2 Process of Translation

Bathgate 1981 as cited by Widyamartaya 1989:40-41, suggested seven steps in processing translation. Those are: 1 Tuning. By this, we mean getting the feel of the text to be translated. Depending on their field of work, translators need to be able to produce the language of a poet or novelist, lawyer or economist, research physicist or factory manager, advertising copywriter or biblical prophet. Each ‘register’, as it is often called, demands a different mental approach, a different choice of words or turn of phrase. If the text is difficult or of the type which is not so familiar to the translator, he may want to read some background literature or consult the author if available or some other adviser. 2 Analysis. Once the translator has attuned his mind to the framework of the text to be translated, he will take each sentence in turn and split it up into translatable units-words or phrases. He will also establish the syntactic relation between the various elements of the sentence. At some points in this phrase or the understanding or terminology phrase, it may be necessary to establish relation between elements in larger portions of the text, in the interest of consistency. 3 Understanding. After having split up the sentence to be translated into each element, the translator will generally put it together, again in a form which can be understand or respond to emotionally. The extend to which he can do this will depend on his basic knowledge of the subject matter. There has been a great deal of discussion about the extend to which a translator should be able to understand the texts he translates-about how much attention he should www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 15 pay to the ‘content’ as opposed to ‘form’; it seems obvious that due attention to both form and contents his essential. 4 Terminology. The next step is to consider the key words and phrases in the sentence to make sure that apart from understanding them and feeling what they imply, one has a translation for them which is in line with standardized usage and is neither misleading, ridiculous nor offensive for the target language reader. Both in this phase and in the preceding understanding phase, discussion with the author or some other adviser is often advisable as the base way to help the translator solve some of his problems. 5 Restructuring. When all the bricks needed for the edifice of the target language text have been gathered or made, the translator will fit them together in a form which is In accordance with good usage in the target language. This is the phase where ‘form’, as opposed to ‘content’, comes into its own. 6 Checking. The translator will doubtless check is draft translation for typing errors and passages where a second perusal suggest a more elegant or more correct, translation. In addition, it is quiet common for someone other than the translator to read trough the finished translation and make or suggest changes. In the case of specialized texts, this is often the source language author or someone else with a better commend of the subject matter than the translator. In any case, it is important that the translator should be consulted at this stage. It still happens too often that the corrector, while improving the content of the target language text, introduces blemishes in the form which are then published under the translator’s name. www.nitropdf.com UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SIMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 16 7 Discussion. For this reason, a good way to end to translation process is often with a discussion between the translator and the expert on the subject matter. Meanwhile, Robinson 2003: 91 divided the process of translation into three. Those are: 1. Translate: act; jump into the text feet first; translate intuitively. 2. Edit: think about what youve done; test your intuitive responses against everything you know; but edit intuitively too, allowing an intuitive first translation to challenge even successfully a well-reasoned principle that you believe in deeply; let yourself feel the tension between intuitive certainty and cognitive doubt, and dont automatically choose one over the other; use the act—response—adjustment cycle rather than rigid rules. 3. Sublimate: internalize what youve learned through this give-and-take process for later use; make it second nature; make it part of your intuitive repertoire; but sublimate it flexibly, as a directionality that can be redirected in conflictual circumstances; never, however, let subliminal patterns bind your flexibility; always be ready if needed to doubt, argue, contradict, disbelieve, counter, challenge, question, vacillate, and even act hypocritically be willing to break jour own rules.

2.1.3 Types of Translation