Research Type Research Setting

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

In this chapter, the researcher discusses how the research was conducted in detail. This chapter is divided into some sub chapters which are reserach type, research setting, participants of the research, research procedure, research instruments, data collection technique, data analysis technique and validity and reliability. The further explanations are described below.

A. Research Type

This research used the principles of action research. It was used to carry out actions to improve students’ writing skills of 8 A of SMP N 4 Sleman. Burns 2010: 2 states that central idea of the action part of Action Research is to intervene in a deliberate way in the problematic situation in order to bring about changes and improvements in practice. Lodico, Spaulding and Voegtle 2010: 313 define action reserach as a type of research that aims to make immediate changes in educational setting. In addition, Kemmis and Mc Taggart 1988 in Burns 2010: 7-8 mention that action research involves four broad phases in a cycle of research. The first cycle may become a continuing spiral of cycle that recur until the action research has reached a satisfactory outcome and feels it is time to stop. In this research, there were two cycles which were conducted by the researcher. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The schema of the action research is as follows. Figure III: Cyclical Action Research model based on Kemmis and Mc Taggart 1998 in Burns 2010: 9

B. Research Setting

SMPN 4 Sleman was located at Turi Street Km. 3 Trimulyo, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Similar with other schools, the school had a headmaster room, a teacher room, a room for guidance and counseling, an administering room, a school health unit, a kitchen, a mosque, two teacher’s toilets, ten students’ toilets, and eleven classrooms. Each classroom consisted of about 31 to 34 students. This research was conducted particularly at class 8 A. There were 31 students which 17 were boys and the rest were the girls. The class was equipped by white boards and a projector to support the teaching and learning process. This research was done in the second semester of the academic year of 20152016. The actions of the research were conducted from April 2016 to May 2016. The schedule of the research followed the schedule of English teacher of 8 A. Here is the detail of the research schedule. Table 2: Research Schedule No. DayDate Time Cycle 1. ThursdayApril 28 th , 2016 11.30-12.10 Cycle 1 2. SaturdayMay 14 th , 2016 08.20-09.55 Cycle 1 3. WednesdayMay 18 th , 2016 07.00-8.20 Cycle 1 4. ThursdayMay 19 th , 2016 11.30-12.10 Cycle 2 5. SaturdayMay 21 st , 2016 08.20-09.55 Cycle 2

C. Participants of the Research